The easiest problem you cannot solve.

Given the following code:

const K = a => b => a
const cat = 'cat'
const dog = 'dog'

Calling K like this will output cat

K(cat)(dog)
//=> "cat"

How can you call K to output dog without swapping the order of cat and dog?

cat and dog must appear exactly once.

The Given cannot be modified.

// INVALID: Cannot swap order!
K(dog)(cat)

// NO CHEATING: May only appear once.
K.bind(null, dog)(cat)(dog)

I know of two ways to solve this problem. Surprise me with another!

I should have also specified no bind, call, or apply, but the solutions are just too interesting :)

Hints: K in the problem is the K combinator, part of the SKI combinator calculus.

Spoilers are in the comments! BEWARE!

Many great solutions have been posted below! A lot I never considered. Also some very creative loopholes around the rules I created ;)

Here's one solution that went undiscovered. It's base64 encoded to hide the "spoiler". But if you are curious you can decode it using your console's atob function.

Syh4PT54KShjYXQpKGRvZyk=

Comments

[Md Abu Taher]

There is no restriction to call K, right?

K(K)(cat)(dog)()
K(dog)()

Done! Both of these should output dog.

Update: You can actually put anything you want instead of cat. Or complicate it even more with infinite recursive inputs.

K(K)()(dog)()
K(K(K)()(dog))(K)()
K(K(K)(cat)(dog))()()

[Theofanis Despoudis]

"cat and dog must appear exactly once."

That violates

K(dog)()
K(K)()(dog)()
K(K(K)()(dog))(K)()

[JavaScript Joel]

I added that rule in afterwards. These solutions were valid at the time he posted, so I'll give him credit for the creativity :)

[Md Abu Taher]

I was the first to solve his problem :D
He changed the rules after I posted my solution.
Check the comments.

[JavaScript Joel]

There is no restriction to call K, right?

There is also a solution with a single call to K :)

[JavaScript Joel]

K(K)()(dog)()
K(K(K)()(dog))(K)()
K(K(K)(cat)(dog))()()

Very creative!

[JavaScript Joel]

I assumed the other solution would have been found first.

Congratulations!

[Md Abu Taher]

Well I updated with other solution.

[JavaScript Joel]

haha I didn't consider K(dog)() would be within the rules. I have updated to rules to require both dog and cat to appear exactly once ;)

[Md Abu Taher]

Lol no! You cannot change the rules after I won :P

[JavaScript Joel]

I'm still giving you credit for both solutions ;)

[Kasey Speakman]

In FP, there is a fairly common operation for this called flip. Here is a solution I tested in Chrome console.

const flip = f => a => b => f(b)(a)
flip(K)(cat)(dog)
// "dog"

[JavaScript Joel]

I did not consider this as a possible solution!

[Lajos Koszti]

K(cat && dog)()

?

[Md Abu Taher]

Brilliant.

[JavaScript Joel]

Technically within the rules and as valid as any other solution!

[Ian Laird]

I didn't see this one in the comments

K(cat && dog)();
K()(cat)||dog;

And arrays are fun

K.call(null, [cat, dog].reverse()[0])();
K.apply(null, [cat, dog].reverse())();
K([ ...cat, ...dog].slice(3).join(""))();

Technically i think this follows the rules.

K({ cat: dog })()

And if the does then this should work too

K(`${cat} ${dog}`)()

[JavaScript Joel]

Beautiful!

[kip]

> K.call(null, (cat, dog))()
'dog'

> K.apply(null, [cat, dog].reverse())()
'dog'

> (cat, K(dog))()
'dog'

> K(((...args) => args[1])(cat, dog))()
'dog'

[JavaScript Joel]

So many unique solutions. Fantastic!

[Jon]

Well, I looked up SKI combinators. If I am understanding it correctly, and if I've implemented S correctly here...I think the following would work:

const S = x => y => z => x(z)(y(z));
S(K)(K(cat))(dog); 

I am going to have to add "Learn SKI Combinators" to my list of things to do. :D

[JavaScript Joel]

After you research SKI Combinators, look into Church Encoding.

JavaScript Joel 🍻

@joelnet

Church Numerals use functions to represent numbers.
ie: `one = f => x => f (x)` and `two = f => x => f (f (x))`

Math can also be simulated with only functions and without + - / * operators.

#javascript #es6 #functional

22:45 PM - 01 Aug 2019

100 332

[Tiago Romero]

These are less clever yet might be valid solutions:

K('')(cat)+K(dog)()
K()(cat);K(dog)()

[JavaScript Joel]

lol. Clearly I have to get better at writing rules! Technically these qualify!

[Tiago Romero]

One more:

K([cat,dog])()[1];

[JavaScript Joel]

eval(K.toString().replace('b', 'a'))(cat)(dog)

This one is pretty creative. Modifying the original K function to swap a and b. I like it.

[Jochem Stoel]

Hey Joel, I enjoy your articles and I think you deliver a good contribution overall to this website but I would like to see you use better use cases in your examples than cats and dogs meowing. Not for me but for others less experienced. :)

[JavaScript Joel]

But cats and dogs are the best ;)

[Nick Karnik]

This call makes no sense in reality, but it will yield the desired output:

K.call(1,2)()

[JavaScript Joel]

Pretty interesting solution. You are binding the first value to this so that the a gets set as your second argument. Very creative!