DEV Community

Aisalkyn Aidarova
Aisalkyn Aidarova

Posted on

linux lab

#beginners #cli #linux #tutorial

Lab 1 – Linux Navigation & Files (20 points)

Task 1

Create the following structure.

/home/student/
├── project
│   ├── logs
│   ├── scripts
│   └── backup
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Requirements

  • create all directories
  • create 
app.log
error.log
install.sh
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

inside correct folders.

Task 2

Move

app.log
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

into

backup
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 3

Delete

error.log
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 4

Find

install.sh
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

using only one command.

Lab 2 – Permissions (20 points)

Create

secret.txt
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Requirements

Owner

  • read/write

Group

  • read

Others

  • no access

Verify permissions.

Create a new user

developer
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Switch to that user.

Can the user read

secret.txt
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Explain why.

Lab 3 – Processes (20 points)

Start a process

Example

sleep 500
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Questions

Find

  • PID

Kill the process

Verify it stopped.

Bonus

Find the top five processes using the most memory.

Lab 4 – Disk Space (20 points)

Create a directory

practice
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Generate a file about 100 MB.

Questions

How much disk space is used?

How much free disk space remains?

Which command shows directory size?

Lab 5 – Networking (30 points)

Find

Your

  • hostname
  • private IP
  • default gateway
  • DNS server

Ping

8.8.8.8
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Questions

Did it work?

Ping

google.com
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

If this fails but

8.8.8.8
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

works,

what is the problem?

Display

All listening ports.

What service is listening on port 22?

Lab 6 – Troubleshooting (40 points)

Scenario 1

A user says

"Internet is not working."

Show the commands you would run.

Expected ideas

ip addr
ping 8.8.8.8
ping google.com
ip route
cat /etc/resolv.conf
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Explain each step.

Scenario 2

A website is down.

Questions

How do you verify

  • server is running?
  • nginx is running?
  • port 80 is listening?
  • firewall issue?
  • logs?

Commands should include

systemctl status nginx

journalctl -u nginx

ss -tuln

curl localhost

systemctl restart nginx
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Scenario 3

SSH stopped working.

How would you troubleshoot?

Expected

ping server

ssh localhost

systemctl status ssh

ss -tulpn

journalctl -xe

systemctl restart ssh
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Lab 7 – Mixed Practical (Best Assessment)

Tell students:

You are the new Junior DevOps Engineer.

The manager asks you to prepare a server.

Complete all tasks.

Task 1

Create user

developer
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 2

Create

/opt/application
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 3

Create

run.sh
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Make it executable.

Task 4

Create a file

server.log
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

containing

Application started
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 5

Find your IP address.

Task 6

Show free disk space.

Task 7

Start

sleep 300
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Find its PID.

Terminate it.

Task 8

Find every

*.log
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

file under

/opt
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Task 9

Display the routing table.

Task 10

Explain the difference between

ping 8.8.8.8
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

and

ping google.com
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Oral Questions (Ask During the Lab)

  • What is the difference between a process and a service?
  • Why do we need DNS?
  • What is the difference between a private IP and a public IP?
  • What happens when you type google.com into a browser?
  • What is the purpose of the default gateway?
  • What does chmod 755 mean?
  • What is the difference between find and locate?
  • What does sudo actually do?
  • Why do Linux servers typically not have a graphical interface?
  • If a website is down, what would you check first and why?

Top comments (0)