ARAM was found in both healthy controls and patients with glaucoma at similar frequencies. There was no association between having glaucoma and the presence of ARAM. ARAM was not different between the sexes but was associated with age and having a PVD.
This large retrospective study found that ARAM can be seen in healthy controls, is associated with PVD and possibly independently with age, and occurred at similar frequency in glaucomatous eyes.
This large retrospective study found that ARAM can be seen in healthy controls, is associated with PVD and possibly independently with age, and occurred at similar frequency in glaucomatous eyes.
There are conflicting reports as to whether there is a binocular advantage or disadvantage when reading with central vision loss. This study examined binocular reading summation in patients with macular degeneration.
Seventy-one patients with bilateral central vision loss [mean age 63 (S.D.=21) years] participated. Reading performances during binocular and monocular viewing with the better eye (i.e., the eye with the best monocular visual acuity) were evaluated using different versions of the Italian MNREAD reading chart (www.precision-vision.com). Fixation stability and preferred retinal loci (PRLs) were recorded monocularly for each eye. The overall sample was split into inhibition, equality, and summation groups based on the binocular ratio (i.e., binocular/monocular) of the maximum reading speed.
41% of patients experienced binocular inhibition, 42% summation, and 17% equality. Binocular reading speed of the inhibition group was approximately 30 words per minute slower than those of the equality and summation groups, although the inhibition group had the best visual acuity. These patients generally had monocular PRLs in non-corresponding locations temporal or nasal to the scotoma, had the largest interocular acuity difference and lacked residual stereopsis. The three groups did not differ in fixational control, contrast sensitivity or critical print size.
Equal proportions of patients with central vision loss show binocular reading summation and inhibition. Patients with binocular reading inhibition have poorer reading performance and different clinical characteristics than those with binocular reading summation and equality.
Equal proportions of patients with central vision loss show binocular reading summation and inhibition. Patients with binocular reading inhibition have poorer reading performance and different clinical characteristics than those with binocular reading summation and equality.Recently, we reported that the date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) extracts possessed a great amount of phenolic contents with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of DP and SP phenolic-rich extracts in modulating diabetic complications and oxidative stress in the STZ- diabetic rat. Selleckchem MTX-531 DP and SP extracts significantly inhibited both microbial and pancreatic α-amylases. The STZ-induced diabetic rat groups treated with DP and SP extracts exhibited reversed hyperglycemia (40% and 54%, p less then .001-.01) and body weight (70%, p less then .001) alteration close to normal. Moreover, DP and SP extracts modulated serious damages in the structures of the pancreas, kidney, and liver of diabetic rats. DP and SP extracts improved the decline of the activities of antioxidant enzymes Catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver, kidney, and pancreas of the diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Generally, date seed is a rich source of dietary fibers, polyphenols, and antioxidants and used in foods and pharmaceuticals. Our study reported that date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) phenolic-rich extracts attenuated diabetes and its complications, probably tissue regeneration and normalizing the oxidative stress in the STZ-induced diabetic rat.
To compare the optical and visual performance of a dual-focus (DF) contact lens used for myopia control with a single-vision (SV) contact lens of the same material.
A randomised, double-masked crossover study. Twenty-eight healthy, myopic volunteers between 18 and 32years of age (23.49±4.07years) participated in this study. The sensory dominant eye for distance vision was determined. Refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and aberrations for 3mm and 5mm pupil diameters were quantified without a contact lens in situ. Subjects were fitted with two contact lens designs DF and SV, both made of omafilcon A material. The Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire, over-refraction, best-corrected VA, stereopsis at 40cm, best-corrected photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, light disturbance and aberrations were assessed 25min after contact lens insertion.
There were no statistically significant differences in best-corrected VA and stereopsis between the baseline, DF and SV conditions. Photopic and mesopin of the same material. VA and stereopsis were unaffected by the lens design.The educational effectiveness of dermoscopy image-based self-learning on a computer for medical students has not been well examined. To assess the effect of an image-based self-learning session on the dermoscopic diagnostic performance for malignant melanoma (MM), basal cell carcinoma, melanocytic nevus and seborrheic keratosis (SK) on non-acral regions in comparison with a conventional classroom-style lecture, 114 fourth-year medical students (mean age, 23.7 years; male female, 7341) were enrolled. The subjects were randomly assigned to either a self-learning to lecture (SL) or lecture to self-learning (LS) group to receive a 15-min image-based self-learning computer session and a 15-min video lecture session in different orders. The user interface of the digital content was the same as that on a website (https//dz-image.casio.jp). Diagnostic performance was determined using the total number of correct answers for the four diseases and by malignancy prediction in examination A (before training), B (after receiving one session) and C (after receiving both sessions). The examinations were all unique and contained five dermoscopic images each of the four diseases. The total number of correct answers and malignancy prediction results for examination B were significantly higher in the SL group than in LS (11.6 and 15.2 vs 10.1 and 13.4, respectively; both P less then 0.01), with no remarkable differences for examination C (13.5 and 16.8 vs 13.3 and 16.4, respectively; P = 0.62 and P = 0.21). In subanalyses, the number of correct answers for SK in examination B was significantly higher in the SL group (3.6 vs. 1.8, P less then 0.01), while that for MM was significantly lower (2.2 vs 3.0, P less then 0.01). Diagnostic performance was comparable between sexes for examination B. In conclusion, computer-assisted dermoscopy image-based self-learning may be a suitable and non-inferior alternative to classroom-style instruction for medical students within an ultra-short training period.Selleckchem MTX-531
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