Is Flexbox complicated? Many would say it is but, it is actually really easy to implement. This is part 1 of a 3-part series on CSS flexbox. By the end of this article you should know;
- Flexbox definition
- When flexbox was introduced
- When to use flexbox
- All about the flexbox box model
CSS is beautiful but can get frustrating at times, especially positioning elements. When Flexbox was introduced it became the holy grail for elements layout and also an added bonus, responsiveness.
Let's dive into it then.
What is Flexbox?
Flexible box module , generally referred to as Flexbox, is a CSS3 layout model. A CSS layout model is a method of positioning elements in a webpage relative to:
- Their default position in normal layout flow
- Their parent container
- Other elements around them
- Device viewport
Flexbox is used to layout contents in one-dimension i.e. either row or column.
A brief Timeline of CSS Flexbox
Flexbox underwent series of changes, starting out with 9 properties and now totalling 12 properties.
Read more
Working Draft (23 July 2009 - 12 June 2012)
July 23, 2009
The first working draft published on the World wide web consortium (W3C) was on July 23, 2009.
In its early stages, Flexbox had display: box; . With a total of eight properties, each having the prefix box. The term "box elements" referred to the container while "children of box elements" referred to its content.
March 22, 2011
There were improvements including,
display: flexbox | inline-flexbox;- four properties, each with a prefix flex
- Introduction to properties, flex-direction and flex-order.
- flex-order having an initial value of 1
- Container now renamed flex box and its content, flexbox items.
November 29, 2011
There were modifications and further improvements including,
- Introduction of the Flexbox Box Model
- Replacement of flex-direction with flex-flow, which became a shorthand for flex-direction and wrapping
- flex-order property initial value becomes 0
- Properties now totaling 5
March 22, 2012
Contunued improvement and further modifications including,
- Introduction of an illustration for the Flexbox Box Model
- Reintroduction of flex-direction with modifications to it's values
- new properties, flex wrap and flex.
- Flex flow became the official shorthand for the individual properties, flex-direction and flex-wrap.
- Properties summed up to 9
June 12, 2012
Flexbox now had 12 properties and it now became . A lot of changes took place during this period. They were as follows:
Renaming of some properties, while others retained the 'flex' prefix:
flex became the shorthand for new properties flex-grow, flex-shrink and flex basis in that order.
flex container replaced flexbox for the parent container.
flex item replaced flexbox item for child elements in the container.
W3C Candidate Recommendation (September 18, 2012)
There were no further major changes apart from fine tuning each property. Satisfying the criteria for W3C recommendation track process, Flexbox attained W3C candidate recommendation status.
W3C last call working draft (March 25, 2014 - May 14, 2015)
During this period the document underwent further review to determine if it was fit for advancement in the recommendation track process.
W3C candidate recommendation (March 1, 2016 - November 19, 2018)
The document reattained W3C recommendation candidate status, finally fulfilling all criteria. Amounting to 12 properties for the container and flex items. It hasnt made any advancement in the recommendation track process ever since.
When to use flexbox?
Flexbox is used to achieve responsiveness on web or app development without difficulty. Practical examples of Flexbox usage include:
- Centering items in a container
- Aligning contents
- Navbar creation
- Space distribution among contents within a container e.t.c.
Flexbox box Model
From the illustration above,there are two flex items and a flex container. There are also labels for other important aspects of flexbox. These are basic and important term we'll use in the course of this tutorial.
Flex container:
This is any element having a display property of flex or inline-flex display: flex | inline-flex. From the illustration it is the white backdrop holding the flex items.
Flex item:
These are direct children of the flex container. From the illustration they are aligned from left to right. Note that flex items of a container can also become flex containers to elements within them.
Main axis:
This is the principal axis along which items are positioned. It is dependent on the flex-direction property ( it would become clearer in the next part of this series). Note that the main axis should not be confused with being horizontal.
Main start and end:
From the illustration, observe how the items are laid out from one point to the other on the main axis. The beginning is known as the main start while the other end is known as the main end.
Note that apart from direction dependency, writing mode should also be taken into account. For example, English is written from left-to-right, while Hebrew is written from right-to-left, when flex-direction: row;.
Therefore, the main start to main end runs from left to right for English, while the reverse is the case for Hebrew.
Main size:
This represents the size of the flex container or items along the main axis. It could either be width or height relative to the direction.
Cross axis:
This axis is always perpendicular to the main axis. It is also dependent on flex-direction.
Cross start and end:
From the cross axis, cross start is the beginning of the container or item, while cross end is the end. There aren't many languages that are written from bottom-to-top but Hanun'o ( Indigenous to Filipinos) is one of a few. Therefore the cross start to cross end will be from bottom-to-top if flex-direction: row;.
Cross size:
Like Main size, it is the size of the element (flex container or items) along the cross axis. It could also be width or height depending on direction.
Wrapping up
If you made it to this point i bet you let out a "phew" 😁, it might seem hard to remember, it'll become a lot clear when we utilize it in the next part. We've covered:
Flexbox as a CSS3 layout model
A brief history on Flexbox
Flexbox basic Terminologies
Flex container
Flex items
Main axis, main start and end, and main size
Cross axis, cross start and end, and cross size
Now that you know the basics, next we'll get into the fun part😏, Flexbox display properties and how to use them.
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