Python for nodejs developers

A cheatsheet on python and nodejs equivalents for developers who use both or are planning a switch from one to another.
This covers the basics

Topic	Node.js (JavaScript)	Python
Boolean	true, false	True, False
Number	Numbers (integers, floats)	Numbers (int, float, complex)
String	'Single' and "Double" quotes	'Single' and "Double" quotes
Array	Array literals, array methods	List type, list methods
Object	{} Object literals	Dictionary type
Function	function keyword, arrow functions	def keyword, lambda functions
Type Check	typeof operator	isinstance() function
Interpolation	${variable} syntax	f-strings (f"{variable}")
If/Else	if (condition) {} else {}	if condition: ... else: ...
Ternary	condition ? true : false	true_value if condition else false_value
For Loop	for (init; condition; iteration) {}	for variable in iterable: ...
While Loop	while (condition) {}	while condition: ...
Switch	switch (expression) { case x: ... }	switch case x: ...
Array Slicing	array.slice(start, end)	list[start:end]
Copying Array	[...array], array.slice()	list.copy()
Appending	array.push(element)	list.append(element)
Prepending	array.unshift(element)	list.insert(0, element)
Uint8 Arrays	Binary data handling, streams	Used for similar purposes
Array Iteration	forEach, for...of loop	for item in list: ...
Looping	for...in loop	for key in dictionary: ...
Mapping	array.map(callback)	map() function
Filtering	array.filter(callback)	filter() function
Reducing	array.reduce(callback)	reduce() function
Sorting	array.sort(callback)	sorted() function
Buffers	Binary data handling, streams	Used for similar purposes
Allocate Buffer	Buffer.alloc(size)	bytearray(size)
Endianness	Native support	Struct module for explicit endianness
Hex	.toString(16) conversion	hex() function
Compare	.equals() method	== or cmp() functions
Equals	Buffer.equals()	Direct equality check with ==
Maps	Key-value pairs handling	Used for similar purposes
Map Iteration	map.forEach, for...of loop	for key, value in map.items(): ...
Objects	JavaScript objects, key-value pairs	Python dictionaries
Default Values	Default function parameters	Default function arguments
Destructuring	Destructuring assignment syntax	Destructuring assignment syntax
Spread Operator	Spread array elements	Spread iterable elements
Rest Operator	Collect function arguments	Collect function arguments
Swapping	[a, b] = [b, a]	a, b = b, a
Classes	ES6 class syntax	class keyword
Constructors	constructor() method	init() method
Instantiation	new ClassName()	ClassName()
"this"	Refers to current object	Refers to instance within class
Files	fs module for file operations	Built-in file functions
Creating Files	fs.writeFileSync(path, data)	open(path, mode)
Opening Files	fs.openSync(path, mode)	open(path, mode)
Writing to Files	fs.writeFileSync(path, data)	write() method
Reading from Files	fs.readFileSync(path, encoding)	read() method
Closing Files	Automatically closed after operations	close() method
Deleting Files	fs.unlinkSync(path)	remove() method
File Descriptors	Not commonly used	Utilized for low-level I/O operations
JSON	Built-in JSON object	Built-in json module
Parsing JSON	JSON.parse(jsonString)	json.loads(jsonString)
Stringifying JSON	JSON.stringify(jsonObject)	json.dumps(jsonObject)
Asynchronous Programming	Utilizes async/await syntax	Utilizes async/await syntax
Errors	Utilizes built-in Error object	Utilizes built-in Exception classes
Try/Catch	try { ... } catch (error) { ... }	try: ... except Exception as error: ...
Exceptions	throw new Error('Message')	raise Exception('Message')
Regular Expressions	Utilizes built-in RegExp object	Utilizes built-in re module
Matching	regexObj.test(string) or string.match(regex)	re.match(regex, string)
Searching	string.search(regex)	re.search(regex, string)
Replacing	string.replace(regex, replacement)	re.sub(regex, replacement, string)
Splitting	string.split(regex)	re.split(regex, string)
Extracting Groups	Capturing groups using parentheses	Capturing groups using parentheses