Instagram''s 14-Server Launch (2010)
When Instagram launched in October 2010, it had 25,000 signups in the first day. Within a week, that number hit 1 million. The entire backend was running on just 14 Amazon EC2 instances. The engineering team—only 3 people—had to make rapid architectural decisions: adding PostgreSQL read replicas, introducing Redis for caching, and offloading photos to Amazon S3 + CloudFront CDN. If they had not designed for horizontal scaling from the start, Instagram would have crashed under its own success.
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