DEV Community

Sudhakar V
Sudhakar V

Posted on

PROGRAMMING 1- STATEMENTS & OPERATORS

Absolutely! Let’s dive deep into programming statements in Java and Python, side-by-side. I’ll explain each type of statement with examples, compare syntax, and highlight similarities and differences.

Image description

🧠 What is a statement?

In programming, a statement is a single instruction that performs an action — like declaring a variable, calling a function, or performing a loop.

📋 Types of Programming Statements

Type Java ✔️ Python 🐍
Variable Declaration int x = 5; x = 5
Conditional (if) if (x > 5) { ... } if x > 5:
Loops (for, while) for (int i = 0; ... ) for i in range(...)
Function Definitions void myFunc() {} def my_func():
Return Statements return x; return x
Exception Handling try { ... } catch {} try: ... except:
Import Statement import java.util.*; import math

🔹 1. Variable Declaration & Assignment

✅ Java 

int a = 10;
String name = "Alice";
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

a = 10
name = "Alice"
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key Differences:

  • Java requires type declaration (int, String).
  • Python uses dynamic typing — no type needed.

🔹 2. Conditional Statements (if, else if, else)

✅ Java 

int x = 7;
if (x > 10) {
    System.out.println("Large");
} else if (x > 5) {
    System.out.println("Medium");
} else {
    System.out.println("Small");
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

x = 7
if x > 10:
    print("Large")
elif x > 5:
    print("Medium")
else:
    print("Small")
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key Differences:

  • Java uses else if; Python uses elif.
  • Java uses () and {}; Python uses indentation and :.

🔹 3. Loops

✅ Java for 

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    System.out.println(i);
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python for 

for i in range(5):
    print(i)
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

✅ Java while 

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    System.out.println(i);
    i++;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python while 

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key Differences:

  • Java uses ; and braces.
  • Python is more concise with indentation.

🔹 4. Function / Method Definitions

✅ Java 

public static void greet(String name) {
    System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

def greet(name):
    print("Hello, " + name)
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key Differences:

  • Java needs return type and access modifiers (public static void).
  • Python is simpler and more readable.

🔹 5. Return Statement

✅ Java 

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

def add(a, b):
    return a + b
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🔹 6. Exception Handling

✅ Java 

try {
    int x = 5 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

try:
    x = 5 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key Differences:

  • Java requires specifying exception type in catch.
  • Python uses except.

🔹 7. Import Statements

✅ Java 

import java.util.Scanner;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

import math
from math import sqrt
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🔹 8. Switch Statements

✅ Java 

int day = 2;
switch (day) {
    case 1: System.out.println("Mon"); break;
    case 2: System.out.println("Tue"); break;
    default: System.out.println("Unknown");
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python (using match from Python 3.10+) 

day = 2
match day:
    case 1: print("Mon")
    case 2: print("Tue")
    case _: print("Unknown")
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

✅ Summary Table

Feature Java Python
Typed Yes (int, String) No (dynamic)
Semicolons Required Not used
Curly Braces Required ({}) Indentation used
else if / elif else if elif
Loops Classic C-style + enhanced for-loop for in, while
Exception Handling try/catch/finally try/except/finally
Switch Case switch-case-default match-case (3.10+)

Great question! Let's dive into the types of operators in both Java and Python — these are essential tools in any programming language. Operators allow us to perform operations on variables and values like math, comparison, and logic.

💡 What Are Operators?

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler or interpreter to perform specific mathematical, relational, or logical operations.

✅ Operator Types in Java & Python

Type Description Java ✅ Python 🐍
Arithmetic Operators Math operations +, -, *, /, % Same as Java
Assignment Operators Assign values =, +=, -=, *= Same as Java
Comparison (Relational) Compare values (true/false) ==, !=, >, < Same as Java
Logical Operators Logical AND, OR, NOT &&, `
Bitwise Operators Bit-level operations {% raw %}&, ` , ^, ~, <<, >>`
Unary Operators Operate on a single operand +, -, ++, -- +, -, not
Ternary Operator Conditional expression ?: (ternary) x if cond else y
Identity Operators Check memory location Not available is, is not
Membership Operators Check membership in a collection Not available in, not in
instanceof / type() Check type of object instanceof type() or isinstance()

🔢 1. Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example (Java & Python)
+ Addition a + b
- Subtraction a - b
* Multiplication a * b
/ Division a / b
% Modulo (remainder) a % b

📝 2. Assignment Operators

Operator Example Meaning
= x = 5 Assign value
+= x += 1 x = x + 1
-= x -= 1 x = x - 1
*= x *= 2 x = x * 2
/= x /= 2 x = x / 2

⚖️ 3. Comparison (Relational) Operators

Operator Description Example
== Equal to x == y
!= Not equal to x != y
> Greater than x > y
< Less than x < y
>= Greater than or equal x >= y
<= Less than or equal x <= y

🔗 4. Logical Operators

✅ Java:

Operator Description
&& Logical AND
`
{% raw %}! Logical NOT

🐍 Python:

Operator Description
and Logical AND
or Logical OR
not Logical NOT

🧮 5. Bitwise Operators

Operator Description
& Bitwise AND
` `
^ Bitwise XOR
~ Bitwise NOT (1's complement)
<< Left shift
>> Right shift

✅ Java and Python both support these, though Java uses them more commonly for low-level tasks.

🎯 6. Unary Operators

Java Python Description
+x, -x Same in Python Positive / Negative
++x, --x ❌ Not in Python Increment / Decrement
!x not x Logical NOT

❓ 7. Ternary (Conditional) Operator

✅ Java: 

int a = 5;
String result = (a > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative";
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python: 

a = 5
result = "Positive" if a > 0 else "Negative"
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🧪 8. Type and Identity

✅ Java 

if (obj instanceof String) { ... }
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🐍 Python 

if isinstance(obj, str): ...
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Also in Python:

if a is b:     # checks memory address
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

🔎 9. Membership Operators (Python Only)

Operator Example Description
in 'a' in 'cat' True if value exists
not in 'x' not in 'cat' True if value doesn't exist

📌 Summary Table of Operators

Type Java ✅ Python 🐍
Arithmetic ✔️ ✔️
Assignment ✔️ ✔️
Comparison ✔️ ✔️
Logical ✔️ ✔️
Bitwise ✔️ ✔️
Unary ✔️ ✔️ (no ++/--)
Ternary ✔️ ✔️
Identity ✔️ via == and instanceof ✔️ via is / isinstance()
Membership ❌ ✔️ (in, not in)

Image description

Top comments (0)