laravel

MVC Architecture:
Zend Framework follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, which helps in organizing code and separating concerns. Here's an example of a basic controller in Zend Framework:

``
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;

class IndexController extends AbstractActionController
{
public function indexAction()
{
return new ViewModel();
}
}
``
In this example, the IndexController extends the AbstractActionController provided by Zend Framework. The indexAction() method is the entry point for the /index route and returns a ViewModel object that represents the view to be rendered.

Component-based Architecture:
Zend Framework provides a component-based architecture, allowing developers to use individual components without necessarily using the entire framework. Components can be used independently or in combination to build custom solutions. For example, you can use the Zend Cache component to implement caching in your application:

``
use Zend\Cache\StorageFactory;

$cache = StorageFactory::factory([
'adapter' => [
'name' => 'filesystem',
'options' => [
'cache_dir' => '/path/to/cache/directory',
'ttl' => 3600,
],
],
]);

// Store data in the cache
$cache->setItem('my_key', 'my_value');

// Retrieve data from the cache
$value = $cache->getItem('my_key');
``
In this example, the Zend Cache component is used to create a file-based cache storage. The setItem() and getItem() methods are used to store and retrieve data from the cache, respectively.

Database Connectivity:
Zend Framework provides robust database connectivity through the Zend Db component. Here's an example of querying the database using Zend Db:

``
use Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter;
use Zend\Db\Sql\Select;

$adapter = new Adapter([
'driver' => 'Pdo_Mysql',
'database' => 'my_database',
'username' => 'my_username',
'password' => 'my_password',
'hostname' => 'localhost',
]);

$sql = new Select('users');
$sql->columns(['id', 'name', 'email']);
$sql->where(['status' => 'active']);
$sql->order('name ASC');

$resultSet = $adapter->query($sql->getSqlString($adapter))->execute();

foreach ($resultSet as $row) {
echo $row['name'] . ' - ' . $row['email'];
}
``
In this example, the Zend Db component is used to connect to the database and execute a SELECT query. The result set is then iterated to display the retrieved data.

Form Handling and Validation:
Zend Framework provides a flexible and extensible form component that simplifies form creation, handling, and validation. Here's an example of creating a form and validating its input:

``
use Zend\Form\Form;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter;

$form = new Form('my_form');

$form->add([
'name' => 'name',
'type' => 'Text',
'options' => [
'label' => 'Name',
],
]);

$inputFilter = new InputFilter();
$inputFilter->add([
'name' => 'name',
'required' => true,
'filters' => [
['name' => 'StripTags'],
['name' => 'StringTrim'],
],
'validators' => [
[
'name' => 'StringLength',
'options' => [
'min' => 2,
'max' => 100,
],
],
],
]);

$form->setInputFilter($inputFilter);

if ($this->getRequest()->isPost()) {
$form->setData($this->getRequest()->getPost());

if ($form->isValid()) {
    // Form data is valid, process it
    $data = $form->getData();
} else {
    // Form data is invalid, handle accordingly
    $errors = $form->getMessages();
}

}

// Render the form in the view
echo $this->form()->openTag($form);
echo $this->formRow($form->get('name'));
echo $this->form()->closeTag();
``
In this example, a form is created using the Zend Form component. An input filter is also created to define validation rules for the form's input. The form is then validated and processed based on the received data.

Authentication and Authorization:
Zend Framework provides components and modules for implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms. For example, you can use the Zend Authentication component for user authentication:

``
use Zend\Authentication\AuthenticationService;
use Zend\Authentication\Adapter\DbTable\CredentialTreatmentAdapter as DbTableAuthAdapter;

$adapter = new DbTableAuthAdapter($dbAdapter);
$adapter->setTableName('users')
->setIdentityColumn('username')
->setCredentialColumn('password')
->setCredentialTreatment('MD5(?)');

$authService = new AuthenticationService();
$authService->setAdapter($adapter);

$authService->getAdapter()
->setIdentity($username)
->setCredential($password);

$result = $authService->authenticate();

if ($result->isValid()) {
// User is authenticated
$identity = $result->getIdentity();
} else {
// Authentication failed
$messages = $result->getMessages();
}
``
In this example, the Zend Authentication component is used with a database adapter to authenticate users. The identity and credential are set, and the authenticate() method is called to perform the authentication. The result is then evaluated to determine if the user is authenticated or not.

These examples highlight some of the features and capabilities of Zend Framework. You can explore the Zend Framework documentation (https://docs.zendframework.com/) for more information, detailed examples, and code snippets related to Zend Framework development.