Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to verify that it works as expected and meets specified requirements. It helps identify defects, errors, and missing functionalities before the software is delivered to users.
- Software testing ensures that an application is reliable, secure, and performs correctly.
- It helps improve software quality by detecting and fixing defects early in the development lifecycle.
Real Life Example: Imagine an online banking application where users transfer money between accounts. If testing is not performed properly, a defect may cause incorrect transactions, leading to financial losses and customer dissatisfaction.m
Types of Software Testing
Manual Testing
- Test cases are executed manually by testers.
- Defects are identified through result verification
Example: A tester manually checks whether a login page accepts valid credentials.
Automation Testing
- Test cases are executed using automation tools.
- Reduces manual effort and saves testing time
Example: A Selenium script automatically tests the login functionality and verifies the result.
Important Terms in Software Testing
Test Case: A test case is a set of conditions or steps used to verify that a software application works as expected. It includes inputs, execution steps, and expected results. Test cases help ensure the system meets requirements and is free of defects.
- Defines what to test and how to test it
- Includes input data, steps, and expected output
- Helps in identifying bugs and ensuring quality
Component of Test Case
- Test Case ID : Unique identifier for each test case
- Test Description : Brief explanation of what is being tested
- Preconditions : Conditions that must be met before execution
- Test Steps : Step-by-step actions to perform the test
- Test Data : Input values required for testing
- Expected Result : Expected outcome after execution
- Actual Result : Actual outcome observed during testing
- Status : Pass/Fail result of the test case
Test Suite: A collection of multiple test cases grouped together to test different features of an application in various scenarios.
Test Plan: A document that defines the scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and approach for testing activities.
Defects/Bugs: Errors or issues in the software where actual results differ from expected results, affecting functionality or performance.
Regression Testing: Testing performed after changes or updates to ensure existing features still work correctly and no new issues are introduced.
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