🌐 DNS Request — When you type 'google.com', your browser sends a request to a DNS server to translate the domain name into an IP address, which acts like an internet address book.
🤝 TCP/IP Handshake — After obtaining the IP address, your computer establishes a connection with Google's server using the TCP/IP protocol, ensuring reliable data transmission.
🔒 Secure Connection — The browser initiates a secure connection using HTTPS, employing SSL or TLS encryption to protect data exchanged between your computer and the server.
🚦 Load Balancer — Google's infrastructure uses a load balancer to distribute incoming requests across multiple servers, ensuring efficient handling of traffic.
📄 Webpage Components — The server processes the request and sends back the necessary HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files to render Google's homepage on your browser.
DNS and IP Address
📖 DNS Function — The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names like 'google.com' into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network.
🔍 DNS Cache — Before querying a DNS server, the browser checks its local DNS cache for the IP address to speed up the process.
📡 DNS Query — If the IP address is not cached, the browser sends a query to a DNS server, often provided by the user's Internet Service Provider (ISP).
🔄 Recursive DNS — If the initial DNS server does not have the IP address, it performs a recursive search, querying other DNS servers until it finds the correct address.
🗺️ IP Address — The DNS server returns the IP address of the Google server, allowing the browser to initiate a connection.
TCP/IP Connection
🔗 TCP/IP Protocol — The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of rules governing the connection and communication between computers on the internet.
🤝 Three-Way Handshake — The connection begins with a three-way handshake involving SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets to establish a reliable connection.
📦 Data Packets — Once the connection is established, data is sent in packets, each containing a portion of the webpage data.
📶 Reliable Transmission — TCP ensures that packets are delivered accurately and in the correct order, resending any lost packets.
🛡️ Error Checking — TCP includes error-checking mechanisms to detect and correct errors in data transmission.
Webpage Rendering
🖥️ HTML, CSS, JavaScript — The server sends back HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files, which the browser uses to render the webpage.
🎨 HTML Structure — HTML provides the structure of the webpage, defining elements like headings, paragraphs, and links.
🎨 CSS Styling — CSS is used to style the webpage, controlling the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects.
🖱️ JavaScript Interactivity — JavaScript adds interactivity to the webpage, enabling dynamic content and user interactions.
🔄 Rendering Process — The browser parses the HTML, applies CSS styles, and executes JavaScript to display the final webpage.
Top comments (0)