Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a bottom-up simulation technique where a system is analyzed by its individual elements that interact with each other. These elements, called agents are identified and given a behavior, such as humans and viruses, trees and spreading fires, etc. ABM is a common approach to studying complex biological and social phenomena.
Earliest example of ABM dates back to the 1940s, with John von Neumann's universal constructor. This non-computerized model described a cellular printer that could print itself with the printing instructions in its own cells. Later on in 1970, John Conway invented The Game of Life. This game is "played" by configuring a grid of cells with rules of interaction and observing after the game is started. Fast forward to 2022 and there are over a dozen ABM softwares. I went with NetLogo, as it is user friendly and quick to work with.
Tutorials: http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/bind/
Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_agent-based_modeling_software
https://towardsdatascience.com/intro-to-agent-based-modeling-3eea6a070b72
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