IP address and Subnet

When devices communicate with each other over a network, they don't somehow find each other. There is a working behind this and that working begins with IP Addresses and Subnetting.

What is an IP Address?
An IP Address is a unique identifying address or number to each device on a network.
We can easily identify a device using IP address of a device.
Structure of IP Address:
There are two parts in IP:
1.Host Part : identifies the machine we are using.
2.Network Part: identifies the place.
EXAMPLE:
192.168.1.10
10 indicates the host(device we are using)
192.168.1 are the network.
There are 2 Types of IP:
1.IPV4:

• Format: 192.168.1.1
• 32-bit address
• Mostly IPV4 are used because IPV6 is a failure model.

1. IPV6:

• Format: 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334
• 128-bit address
• Practically unlimited addresses
• This is a Failure model.

Binary Representation:
Each part of an IPv4 address is:

• 8 bits
• Range: 0 to 255 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 : this is the order IPV4 works

CIDR Notation:
10.1.34.52 /32 or /24
/24 this indicates how many device can use the IP .
Total IPs = 256
Usable hosts = 254
remaining two ip will be used for browser.

Subnetting?
It is the process of dividing one large network into smaller networks.
the reason why we using subnetting is that one large network cannot give ip for many devices for that purpose we use subnets.
so that many devices can get ip and access the website .

Proxy:
Two types:

1.forward proxy : Handles requests from clients to the internet.
2.reverse proxy : Handles requests from clients to servers.