Connection Pooling is a technique used in Java to reuse database connections instead of creating a new connection every time a request is made. It improves application performance and reduces the overhead of repeatedly opening and closing database connections.
Creating a database connection is a costly operation. Connection pooling solves this problem by maintaining a pool (collection) of ready-to-use connections.
🔹 How Connection Pooling Works?
- A pool of database connections is created when the application starts.
- When a user request comes, a connection is taken from the pool.
- After use, the connection is returned to the pool instead of being closed.
- The same connection is reused for future requests.
🔹 Without Connection Pooling
- Every request creates a new database connection
- Slower performance
- High resource usage
🔹 With Connection Pooling
- Connections are reused
- Faster execution
- Better scalability
🔹 Popular Connection Pooling Libraries
- HikariCP (Most popular & fastest)
- Apache DBCP
- C3P0
🔹 Advantages
✅ Improves application performance
✅ Reduces database load
✅ Faster response time
✅ Efficient resource management
✅ Conclusion
Connection pooling is an essential concept in enterprise Java applications. It ensures efficient database communication and is widely used in Spring Boot and microservices-based systems.
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