Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. It is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.
Python is known for its simple syntax and readability, making it a great choice for beginners who are starting their programming journey.
Unlike some other programming languages, Python allows us to write code using fewer lines, which makes it easier to learn and understand.
Python is widely used in web development, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, automation, and cybersecurity.
Variables in Python
Let's start with one of the basic concepts of Python: Variables.
A variable is simply a name used to store data in a program. We can create variables and assign values to them without specifying their data types.
For example:
name = "Chandru"
age = 22
language = "Python"
print(name)
print(age)
print(language)
Output:
Chandru
22
Python
In the above example, name, age, and language are variables that store different values.
One interesting thing about Python is that we don't need to declare the variable type explicitly. Python automatically identifies the type based on the assigned value.
Data Types in Python
Every value in Python has a data type. A data type tells us what kind of value a variable holds.
Python provides several built-in data types.
Let's look at some commonly used ones:
1. Integer (int)
Integer represents whole numbers without decimal points.
age = 22
marks = 95
print(age)
print(marks)
2. Float (float)
Float represents numbers that contain decimal points.
price = 99.99
height = 5.8
print(price)
print(height)
3. String (str)
String is used to store text. We can create strings using single or double quotation marks.
name = "Chandru"
language = 'Python'
print(name)
print(language)
4. Boolean (bool)
Boolean represents only two values: True or False.
is_learning = True
is_completed = False
print(is_learning)
print(is_completed)
5. List (list)
A list is used to store multiple values in a single variable. Lists are ordered and mutable, meaning we can modify their elements.
languages = ["Python", "Java", "C"]
print(languages)
6. Tuple (tuple)
A tuple is similar to a list, but its elements cannot be modified after creation.
numbers = (10, 20, 30)
print(numbers)
7. Set (set)
A set is used to store unique values. It does not allow duplicate elements.
numbers = {10, 20, 30, 10}
print(numbers)
8. Dictionary (dict)
A dictionary stores data in key-value pairs.
student = {
"name": "Chandru",
"age": 22,
"language": "Python"
}
print(student)
Checking Data Types
Python provides a built-in function called type() to identify the data type of a variable.
For example:
name = "Chandru"
age = 22
price = 99.99
is_learning = True
print(type(name))
print(type(age))
print(type(price))
print(type(is_learning))
Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'bool'>
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