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Series: Mastering Backtracking Patterns in DSA

Blog 1: Backtracking Fundamentals – The Foundation

  • What is Backtracking? (Brute force + pruning)
  • General Backtracking Template (DFS + state changes + undo)
  • Key components: choice, constraints, goal
  • Example: N-Queens explained step by step

Blog 2: Subset & Power Set Pattern

  • Generate all subsets of a set (classic recursion tree)
  • Variations:

    • Subsets with duplicates
    • Subsets of size k
    • Power set of strings
  • Code template


Blog 3: Permutation Pattern

  • Generating all permutations
  • Variations:

    • With duplicates
    • String permutations
    • Next permutation using backtracking
  • Code template


Blog 4: Combination & Combinatorial Search

  • k-combinations (choose k from n)
  • Variations:

    • Combination sum (with and without duplicates)
    • Letter case permutation
    • Palindrome partitioning
  • Code template


Blog 5: Constraint Satisfaction Pattern

  • Sudoku solver (famous backtracking case)
  • N-Queens revisited (constraint-heavy example)
  • Word search in a grid
  • General CSP approach

Blog 6: Path Search & Maze Pattern

  • Find all paths in a maze
  • Rat in a maze
  • Word search II (dictionary + trie + backtracking)
  • Knight’s Tour problem
  • Template for grid-based backtracking

Blog 7: Decision Tree Pattern

  • Expression add operators (insert + - * )
  • Generate valid parentheses
  • Restore IP addresses
  • General decision-tree backtracking

Blog 8: Bitmask + Backtracking Hybrid

  • Using bitmasks for optimization
  • Subset generation with bitmask + recursion
  • TSP (Traveling Salesman) with bitmask + backtracking

Blog 9: Optimization with Pruning

  • When to prune (early exits, bounds)
  • N-Queens optimization
  • Branch and Bound overview
  • Case study: Solving with pruning vs without

Blog 10: Master Template + Cheat Sheet

  • Universal backtracking template
  • Decision-making flowchart: "Subset, Permutation, Combination, Path, Constraint"
  • Complexity analysis across patterns
  • Interview takeaways + practice set

👉 Each blog will have:

  • Concept & Pattern Recognition (when to use it)
  • Pseudocode + Java Template
  • Examples with step-by-step recursion trees
  • Common variations in interviews
  • Practice problems (LeetCode/FAANG tags)

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