Must Know Sorting Algorithms

Here are Java implementations of common sorting algorithms:

1. Selection Sort

public class SelectionSort {
    public static void selectionSort(int[] arr) {
        int n = arr.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            int minIdx = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
                if (arr[j] < arr[minIdx]) {
                    minIdx = j;
                }
            }
            int temp = arr[minIdx];
            arr[minIdx] = arr[i];
            arr[i] = temp;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {64, 25, 12, 22, 11};
        selectionSort(arr);
        System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

2. Insertion Sort

public class InsertionSort {
    public static void insertionSort(int[] arr) {
        int n = arr.length;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            int key = arr[i];
            int j = i - 1;
            while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
                arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
                j--;
            }
            arr[j + 1] = key;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6};
        insertionSort(arr);
        System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

3. Bubble Sort

public class BubbleSort {
    public static void bubbleSort(int[] arr) {
        int n = arr.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            boolean swapped = false;
            for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
                if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
                    int temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                    arr[j + 1] = temp;
                    swapped = true;
                }
            }
            if (!swapped) break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {5, 1, 4, 2, 8};
        bubbleSort(arr);
        System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

4. Merge Sort

public class MergeSort {
    public static void mergeSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
        if (left < right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            mergeSort(arr, left, mid);
            mergeSort(arr, mid + 1, right);
            merge(arr, left, mid, right);
        }
    }

    private static void merge(int[] arr, int left, int mid, int right) {
        int n1 = mid - left + 1;
        int n2 = right - mid;

        int[] leftArr = new int[n1];
        int[] rightArr = new int[n2];

        System.arraycopy(arr, left, leftArr, 0, n1);
        System.arraycopy(arr, mid + 1, rightArr, 0, n2);

        int i = 0, j = 0, k = left;
        while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
            arr[k++] = (leftArr[i] <= rightArr[j]) ? leftArr[i++] : rightArr[j++];
        }
        while (i < n1) arr[k++] = leftArr[i++];
        while (j < n2) arr[k++] = rightArr[j++];
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};
        mergeSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
        System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

5. Quick Sort

public class QuickSort {
    public static void quickSort(int[] arr, int low, int high) {
        if (low < high) {
            int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
            quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);
            quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
        }
    }

    private static int partition(int[] arr, int low, int high) {
        int pivot = arr[high];
        int i = low - 1;
        for (int j = low; j < high; j++) {
            if (arr[j] < pivot) {
                i++;
                int temp = arr[i];
                arr[i] = arr[j];
                arr[j] = temp;
            }
        }
        int temp = arr[i + 1];
        arr[i + 1] = arr[high];
        arr[high] = temp;
        return i + 1;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5};
        quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
        System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(arr));
    }
}

Each of these algorithms sorts an array in O(n²) time complexity for Selection, Insertion, and Bubble Sort, while Merge Sort and Quick Sort perform in O(n log n) on average.

Let me know if you need any modifications or explanations!