Type coercion occurs when JavaScript automatically converts a value from one data type to another to perform an operation. This can happen implicitly or explicitly:
Implicit Coercion: The JavaScript engine converts the type for you without explicitly asking for it.
In this case, JavaScript converts the string "5" to a number before performing subtraction.
Explicit Coercion: The programmer explicitly converts a type using functions or methods.
Types of Coercion
To String: Converting a value to a string.
Explaination of what's happening in last line of code.
-JavaScript detects that one of the operands is a string (""), so it coerces the other operand (num) to a string and then concatenates them.
-The number 123 is converted to the string "123".
-Then, the empty string "" is concatenated with "123", resulting in "123".
To Number: Converting a value to a number.
console.log(+true);
This uses the unary + operator to convert a value into a number.
What happens here?
The unary + operator attempts to coerce the operand (true) into a number.
In JavaScript, true is equivalent to 1 and false is equivalent to 0 when coerced into numbers.
Output:
+true converts true to 1.
To Boolean: Converting a value to a boolean. This often involves JavaScript’s truthy and falsy rules:
-Falsy values: 0, "", null, undefined, NaN, and false.
-Everything else is truthy.
Why Type Coercion Matters
Type coercion is both a strength and a challenge in JavaScript. It enables flexible and dynamic programming but can also introduce subtle bugs if misunderstood. By understanding how coercion works and applying best practices, you can write more predictable and reliable JavaScript code.
Happy coding!
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