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EME GUG
EME GUG

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Nginx reverse proxy: từ zero đến production

#nginx #devops #webserver #deployment

Nginx là reverse proxy phổ biến nhất. Bài này từ setup cơ bản đến các config production mình đang dùng.

Cài đặt 

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install nginx

# Kiểm tra
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl start nginx
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Reverse Proxy cơ bản 

# /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myapp.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx
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HTTPS với Let's Encrypt 

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d myapp.com
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Certbot tự thêm SSL config và auto-renew.

Load Balancing 

upstream backend {
    least_conn;  # Chọn server ít connection nhất
    server 127.0.0.1:3001;
    server 127.0.0.1:3002;
    server 127.0.0.1:3003;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name myapp.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}
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Các algorithm: round-robin (mặc định), least_conn, ip_hash (sticky session).

Caching static files 

server {
    location /static/ {
        alias /app/public/;
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 7d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public";
    }
}
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Rate Limiting 

# Định nghĩa zone
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=10r/s;

server {
    location /api/ {
        limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
        proxy_pass http://backend;
    }
}
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10 request/giây/IP, cho phép burst 20 request.

WebSocket 

location /ws {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
}
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Security headers 

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'" always;
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Monitoring 

location /nginx_status {
    stub_status on;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    deny all;
}
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Config Nginx nào bạn thấy hữu ích nhất? Share nhé!

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