Here are four key ways to handle errors and debug in Node.js:

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1. Try-Catch Blocks 🛑: Wrap code in try-catch blocks to catch and handle synchronous errors.

2. Event Emitter Error Handling 🔄: Handle errors in asynchronous operations using .on('error') with event emitters.

3. Use a Debugger 🐛: Use Node.js's built-in debugger or external tools like console.log or node inspect to track bugs.

4. Centralized Error Handling Middleware ⚙️: In Express.js, use error-handling middleware to manage errors globally.