ADHD: Between Biology, Culture, and Neurodiversity

The article analyzes ADHD not only as a diagnostic entity from ICD-11, but as the result of interaction between the biological nervous system and social norms of efficiency. The author argues that difficulties in the area of executive functions are often misinterpreted as moral weakness or laziness. Transitioning to the neurodiversity model allows for the replacement of stigmatization with functional analysis: instead of judging will, one should examine the cognitive cost of actions and adapt the architecture of the environment to the individual's needs. Explaining the mechanisms of ADHD does not serve to justify a lack of responsibility, but is a necessary condition for introducing effective compensatory strategies and clinical support, shifting the focus from treating a 'defect' to optimizing the relationship between the organism and its environment.