The Culture of Violence: Philosophy, Religion, and Institutions

Violence is not a natural phenomenon but a product of culture, which places responsibility on society for limiting it. This article examines the philosophical foundations of aggression, drawing on the work of Leszek Kołakowski and Johan Galtung's concept of structural violence. The text examines the influence of religions such as Judaism and Buddhism on the ethics of power and analyzes the psychological foundations of shame according to James Gilligan. The author points to the crucial role of the state in building a safe institutional architecture through de-escalation, mediation, and transparent procedures. Thanks to an interdisciplinary approach—from microsociology to urban planning—the reader learns how conscious choices and professional standards can neutralize the mechanisms of cultural violence. This is a comprehensive look at building a just state based on law and dialogue.