The moral biography of matter in design according to J. Bulger

The article analyzes building materials not as neutral substances, but as permanent records of the designer's moral decisions. The concept of the 'moral biography of matter' assumes that material choices carry ecological and social consequences that last significantly longer than the design process itself. The author emphasizes the role of truthfulness in specifications and the necessity of using formalized tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and ISO standards, to avoid greenwashing. By applying the Ethical Triad (duty, consequences, justice), the material selection process becomes an act of responsibility for the supply chain, working conditions, and future disposal of the object, shifting the weight of ethics from the author's intentions to measurable physical and environmental effects.