What is the shared responsibility model in cloud computing?

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One of the biggest misconceptions about cloud computing is that once you move to the cloud, the cloud provider takes care of everything.

While cloud providers manage a significant portion of the infrastructure, customers still have important security and operational responsibilities.

This concept is known as the Shared Responsibility Model.

The division of responsibilities changes depending on whether you're running workloads On-Premises, using Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Software as a Service (SaaS).

Let's break it down.

On-Premises: You Manage Everything

When your applications run in your own data center, every component is your responsibility.

Customer Responsibilities

Data
Devices
Accounts
Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Applications
Network controls
Operating systems
Infrastructure
Physical servers
Physical networking
Datacenter facilities

What the Provider Manages

Nothing.

Since everything is hosted on your own infrastructure, there is no cloud provider to share operational responsibilities.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Examples include virtual machines such as Amazon EC2, Azure Virtual Machines, and Google Compute Engine.

With IaaS, the provider supplies the infrastructure while you manage everything running on top of it.

Customer Responsibilities

Data
Devices
Accounts
Identity and Access Management
Applications
Network controls (firewalls, security groups, etc.)
Operating systems

Cloud Provider Responsibilities

Physical infrastructure
Physical hosts
Physical networking
Datacenters

IaaS gives you the most flexibility among cloud service models, but it also requires the most operational management.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Examples include Azure App Service, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine, and Heroku.

PaaS removes the burden of managing operating systems and infrastructure, allowing developers to focus on building applications.

Customer Responsibilities

Data
Devices
Accounts

Shared Responsibilities

Identity and Access Management
Applications
Network controls

Cloud Provider Responsibilities

Operating systems
Infrastructure
Physical hosts
Physical networking
Datacenters

PaaS strikes a balance between flexibility and convenience, making it an excellent choice for many modern application deployments.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Examples include Microsoft 365, Salesforce, Google Workspace, and Dropbox.

With SaaS, the provider delivers a complete application that users simply access through a web browser or client application.

Customer Responsibilities

Data
Devices
Accounts

Shared Responsibilities

Identity and Access Management

Cloud Provider Responsibilities

Applications
Network controls
Operating systems
Infrastructure
Physical hosts
Physical networking
Datacenters

SaaS offers the lowest operational overhead because the provider manages nearly the entire technology stack.

Shared Responsibility at a Glance

Service Model	Customer Manages	Shared	Provider Manages
On-Premises	Everything	None	Nothing
IaaS	OS, applications, IAM, network controls, data	None	Infrastructure & physical hardware
PaaS	Data, devices, accounts	IAM, applications, network controls	OS, infrastructure & physical hardware
SaaS	Data, devices, accounts	IAM	Applications, OS, infrastructure & physical hardware

Conclusion

No matter which cloud service model you choose, your data, devices, and user accounts remain your responsibility.

As you move from On-Premises → IaaS → PaaS → SaaS, the cloud provider takes on progressively more responsibility, reducing your operational burden. However, protecting your users, managing access, and securing your data always remain critical tasks.

Understanding where your responsibilities begin—and where the provider's responsibilities end—is essential for building secure, reliable cloud solutions.