String Manipulation in Python

What is a String?

A string is a sequence of characters used to store text in a program.

Characters can include:

• Letters (A–Z, a–z)
• Numbers (0–9)
• Symbols (@, #, !, etc.)
• Spaces

1. Accessing Characters in a String

Python

name = "Harini"

print(name[0])  # First character
print(name[-1]) # Last character
print(name[len(name)//2])  # Middle character

Explanation

• name[0] -> First character -> H
• name[-1] -> Last character -> i
• len(name)//2 -> Finds the middle index
• name[len(name)//2] -> Middle character -> i

Output

2. Convert String to Uppercase

Python

name = "Harini"

print(name.upper())

Explanation

• upper() method converts the entire string into uppercase.

Output

3. Convert String to Lowercase

Python

name = "Harini"

print(name.lower())

Explanation

• lower() method converts the entire string into lowercase.

Output

4. Convert First and Last Character to Uppercase

Python

name = "harini"

result = name[0].upper() + name[1:-1] + name[-1].upper()

print(result)

Explanation

• name[0].upper() -> First character uppercase
• name[1:-1] -> Middle part of the string
• name[-1].upper() -> Last character uppercase

Output

5. Extracting Parts of a String

Python

name = "Harini"

length = len(name)

print(name[0].upper())                # First character
print(name[1:length//2])              # First half (excluding first char)
print(name[length//2].upper())        # Middle character
print(name[length//2+1:length])       # Second half
print(name[-1].upper())               # Last character

Output