Databases power almost every application we use daily—from banking systems to e-commerce platforms. To ensure data remains reliable, databases follow the ACID principles: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
In this blog, we’ll demonstrate ACID properties with SQL transactions using a simple Loan Management example.
Step 1: Setup the Schema
We’ll create a Loans table that stores customer loan detail
Enter the values to be inserted in the table
Check the result
ATOMICITY
All operations in a transaction must succeed or none should.
Update and roll back
Atomicity ensures no partial updates happen.
Consistency
Transactions must bring the database from one valid state to another. Invalid data should not enter the system.
Alter
Consistency ensures only valid data enters the database.
Isolation
Concurrent transactions should not affect each other’s intermediate results.
Isolation prevents dirty reads between transactions.
Durability
Once a transaction is committed, the changes must persist—even if the database crashes.
Durability guarantees committed data survives restarts.
Key Takeaways
- Atomicity → All or nothing.
- Consistency → Data always valid.
- Isolation → Transactions don’t interfere.
- Durability → Data persists after commit.
By applying ACID principles, databases remain reliable, fault-tolerant, and consistent even in high-concurrency environments like banking systems.
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