🔌 Comprehensive Guide to Important Port Numbers in Networking and Open-Source Projects
Ports are the backbone of network communication, allowing different services and protocols to communicate effectively. Whether you're troubleshooting a network issue, configuring a firewall, or deploying an application, understanding port numbers is essential.
In this article, we'll cover the most important port numbers, their uses, and notable open-source projects and companies that utilize them. Let's dive in!
📚 What Are Ports in Networking?
In networking, ports are logical endpoints used to identify specific processes or services on a system. Ports are integral to the Transport Layer of the OSI model, working alongside protocols like TCP and UDP to enable communication.
Ports are divided into three categories by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority):
- Well-Known Ports (0–1023): Reserved for widely used protocols and services.
- Registered Ports (1024–49151): Used by specific applications and services.
- Dynamic/Private Ports (49152–65535): Temporarily assigned for communication between clients and servers.
🛠️ Essential Well-Known Ports (0–1023)
These are the most commonly used ports for core internet protocols and services:
| Protocol/Service | Port Number |
|---|---|
| HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) | 80 |
| HTTPS (HTTP Secure) | 443 |
| FTP (File Transfer Protocol) | 20 (Data), 21 (Control) |
| SSH (Secure Shell) | 22 |
| Telnet | 23 |
| SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) | 25 |
| DNS (Domain Name System) | 53 |
| POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) | 110 |
| IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) | 143 |
| SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) | 161 (v1/v2), 162 (Trap) |
| BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) | 179 |
| NTP (Network Time Protocol) | 123 |
| LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) | 389 |
| SMB (Server Message Block) | 445 |
| RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) | 3389 |
| MySQL Database | 3306 |
| PostgreSQL Database | 5432 |
🔐 Registered Ports (1024–49151)
These ports are used by specific applications and services, including popular software and tools:
| Application/Service | Port Number |
|---|---|
| Microsoft SQL Server | 1433 |
| Oracle Database Listener | 1521 |
| Git (via SSH) | 22 |
| GitLab Self-hosted (HTTP/HTTPS) | 80/443 |
| Docker Registry | 5000 |
| Redis | 6379 |
| Jenkins | 8080 |
| Prometheus | 9090 |
| Grafana | 3000 |
🌟 Notable Open-Source Projects and Their Port Assignments
Many open-source projects rely on specific port numbers. Below is a list of commonly used ports for some of the most popular open-source technologies:
1. Git and GitLab
- Git (via SSH): Port 22
- Git (via HTTPS): Port 443
- GitLab (Self-hosted): Port 80/443
2. Apache Software Foundation
- Apache HTTP Server: Port 80 (HTTP) / 443 (HTTPS)
- Apache Kafka: Port 9092
3. NGINX
- NGINX (Web Server, Load Balancer): Port 80 (HTTP) / 443 (HTTPS)
- NGINX Controller: Port 8080
4. Docker
- Docker Registry: Port 5000
-
Docker Swarm:
- Cluster Management: Port 2377
- Node Communication: Port 7946
- Overlay Network: Port 4789
5. Kubernetes
- Kubernetes API Server: Port 6443
- Kubernetes Node Port: Range 30000–32767
- Kubelet (Worker Node): Port 10250
6. Redis
- Redis (In-Memory Data Store): Port 6379
7. Databases
- MySQL: Port 3306
- PostgreSQL: Port 5432
- MongoDB: Port 27017
8. Monitoring Tools
- Jenkins: Port 8080
- Prometheus: Port 9090
- Grafana: Port 3000
9. Configuration Management Tools
-
Puppet:
- Puppet Master: Port 8140
- PuppetDB: Port 8081
- Ansible (via SSH): Port 22
- Ansible Tower: Port 443
🚀 Why Understanding Port Numbers Matters
Knowing the ports used by protocols and services helps in:
- Firewall Configuration: Allow or block specific traffic.
- Troubleshooting: Identify network connectivity issues.
- Deployment: Configure applications properly in production.
📝 Conclusion
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of important port numbers, their uses, and the projects that rely on them. Whether you're a network administrator, developer, or just curious, understanding these port assignments is crucial for navigating the world of networking and modern application deployment.
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