Purpose of computer network and more | Israh Binoj

Purpose of computer network protocols

Computer network protocols are sets of rules that define how data is transmitted and communicated over a network. They ensure that data is exchanged efficiently, accurately, and securely between computers and devices.

Physical protocol

A physical protocol defines the actual physical rules for data transmission, including cable type, voltage levels, and signal timing.
Examples: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, USB.

Logical protocol

A logical protocol defines the software-based rules for communication between devices. It manages addressing, routing, error detection, and data formatting.
Examples: IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP.

OSI model and layers

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a framework that standardizes how data is transmitted across networks. It has seven layers, each with specific functions for data communication - from physical transmission to user applications.

Functions of the Presentation Layer in the OSI model?

The Presentation Layer (Layer 6) translates data between the application and the network. It handles encryption, compression, and data format conversion to ensure compatibility between systems.

Role of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?

The Transport Layer (Layer 4) ensures reliable data transfer between devices. It manages error detection, flow control, and segmentation of data.
Examples: TCP, UDP.

Four layers of the TCP/IP model?

The TCP/IP model has four layers:

1. Application Layer - Provides services for applications (web, email).

2. Transport Layer - Ensures reliable transmission of data.

3. Internet Layer - Handles routing and addressing of data packets.

4. Network Access Layer - Manages physical transmission over hardware.

Main types of IP addresses?

Answer:

1. Public IP - Identifies a device on the internet.

2. Private IP -Used within a local network.

3. Static IP - Fixed address that doesn’t change.

4. Dynamic IP -Assigned automatically and may change over time.

Difference between Half Duplex and Full Duplex communication

Half Duplex: Communication occurs in both directions but only one device can send data at a time.

Full Duplex: Both devices can send and receive data simultaneously.

Ethernet and uses

Ethernet is a networking technology used to connect devices in a Local Area Network (LAN) using wired connections. It provides high-speed, stable, and secure communication between computers, routers, and switches.
Examples: Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet.