Whenever we enter a website’s name like www.wikipedia.com in a browser’s address bar as my sir said as a example, the website opens in front of us in a matter of seconds. But behind this simple operation, there is a complex operation going on in the background known as DNS resolution. Here we will learn about it in detail.
What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name System. The function of this system is to resolve domain names into IP addresses.
Step-By-Step DNS Resolution Process
Step 1: User Request
The process starts with a user request. When a user enters a domain name in a web browser’s address bar, this process starts.
Step 2: Browser and System Cache
The web browser checks if it already knows this IP address or not. If it is stored in its cache or system cache, it directly uses it.
Step 3: DNS Resolver
If it is not stored in cache, it sends a request to a DNS resolver. This resolver is provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). This resolver acts as a mediator and finds the IP address correctly.
Step 4: Root Server
The DNS resolver sends a request to the root DNS server. The root server is not aware of the IP address but knows where to direct the resolver to obtain the required information.
Step 5: TLD Server
The Top-Level Domain server is responsible for handling domain extensions like .com, .org, or .net. This server directs the resolver to the required domain server.
Step 6: Authoritative Name Server
The authoritative name server is aware of the IP address associated with the domain. This server provides the IP address to the DNS resolver.
Step 7: Returning the IP Address
The IP address is sent back to the DNS resolver, which forwards it to the browser.
Step 8: Connecting to the Server
The browser sends a request to the server using the IP address received in the previous steps.
Why DNS Resolution is Important
- It makes the internet user-friendly
- It allows quick and efficient access to websites
- It reduces the need to remember complex IP addresses
Conclusion
DNS resolution is an essential process that occurs every time we access a website. The process involves a series of steps, including checking the cache, querying the DNS server, and retrieving the correct IP address. Although the process occurs in a matter of milliseconds, it is very important in facilitating effective communication over the internet.
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