✅ DSA Learning – Day 2:

Today, I learned about functions in JavaScript — how they are declared, how they work, and some basic control flow using if, else, and else if blocks.

🔹What is a Function in JavaScript?
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. You can define a function using the function keyword followed by a name and a

function greet() {
  console.log("Hello, world!");
}

You can call the function by using its name:

greet(); // Output: Hello, world!

🔹Dynamic Functions with Parameters
Functions can also accept parameters, which makes them dynamic and reusable with different inputs. For example, summing two numbers:

function sum(a, b) {
  console.log("Sum is:", a + b);
}

sum(5, 3); // Output: Sum is: 8

Here, a and b are parameters, and we passed different values (arguments) when calling the function.

🔹Returning Values from Functions
You can also return a value from a function using the return keyword:

function multiply(x, y) {
  return x * y;
}

let result = multiply(4, 5);
console.log(result); // Output: 20

🔹If / Else Conditions
I also learned about basic conditional logic using if, else, and else if:

let num = 10;

if (num > 10) {
  console.log("Greater than 10");
} else if (num === 10) {
  console.log("Equal to 10");
} else {
  console.log("Less than 10");
}

These are used to control the flow based on conditions.

🔹for loop
— what it is and how it works.
A for loop is used to perform repetitive tasks. It runs a block of code multiple times based on a condition.

The for loop has three main parts:

Initialization– where we set the starting point (e.g., let i = 0)

Condition check – the loop runs only if this condition is true

_Increment/Update _– after each iteration, the loop variable is updated (e.g., i++)

If the condition becomes false, the loop stops.

Example:

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log(i);
}
What happens here:
Initialization: let i = 0
Condition: i < 5 → if true, run the block
After printing i, increment i using i++
Repeat until i < 5 becomes false

📌 Summary

1. A function performs a task and can be reused.
2. You can pass parameters to make it dynamic.
3. Functions can return values.
4. Use if, else if, and else to control decision-making in code.

Until tomorrow, Happy coding