I think this is a great summary for someone new to the topic.
Here's another perspective. Functional programming is about programming with pure functions, like ones in math, it's right there in the name. So why is it also about immutability? Because if you could mutably rebind a name from one function to another, it would no longer look like a pure function. And mathematical functions don't mutate anything: running lcm(6, 10) doesn't change six or ten. Mutation is a side effect.
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I think this is a great summary for someone new to the topic.
Here's another perspective. Functional programming is about programming with pure functions, like ones in math, it's right there in the name. So why is it also about immutability? Because if you could mutably rebind a name from one function to another, it would no longer look like a pure function. And mathematical functions don't mutate anything: running
lcm(6, 10)doesn't change six or ten. Mutation is a side effect.