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Informed consent is fundamental to the ethical practice of medicine and carries important legal implications. Of particular relevance to pediatric anesthesia is the Food and Drug Administration's Drug Safety Communication (DSC), which highlights potential yet theoretical adverse effects on brain development of repeated or prolonged anesthesia administration to children younger than 3 years of age. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is a major complication in kidney transplant patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy against persistent BKVN and to evaluate the association between persistent BKVN and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). METHODS A total of 86 patients out of 279 kidney recipients with BKVN were investigated in a single-center retrospective study. The majority of 86 patients were Hispanic and Asian (69.8% and 17.4%). Patients were treated with adjunctive IVIG or standard therapy (controls). Subgroup analysis was performed between IVIG responders and non-responders. BK virus copy number and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured to evaluate the impact of IVIG. We analyzed the association between the response to IVIG and genotype at FcγR3A (rs396991) and FcγR2A (rs1801274) SNPs. RESULTS Viral load in IVIG non-responders was significantly higher than in responders at the time of diagnosis (219,271.8 vs. 29,816.3 copies/mL, p = 0.015) and after 6 months of IVIG use (12,789.5 vs. 1,369.5 copies/mL, p less then 0.001). However, analyses SNP of FcγR2A (OR = 0.807, CI = 0.435-1.496 p = 0.495) and FcγR3A (OR = 0.997, CI = 0.505-1.970, p = 0.993) SNPs showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION IVIG appears to lower BK DNA viral load significantly in patients with persistent BKVN. However, no associations were identified between BKVN and FcγR2A or FcγR3A SNPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Our understanding of the development of congenital heart disease (CHD) across the lifespan has evolved. These include the evidence for the change in demographics of CHD, the observations that lifelong complications of CHD result in CHD as a lifespan disease, and the concept of long windows of exposure to risk that start in foetal life and magnify the expression of risk in adulthood. These observations set the stage for trajectories as an emerging construct to target health-service interventions. The lifelong cardiovascular and systemic complications of CHD make the long-term care of these patients challenging for cardiologists and internists alike. A life-course approach is thus required to facilitate our understanding of the natural history and to orient our clinical efforts. Three specific examples are illustrated neurocognition; cancer resulting from exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation; and cardiovascular disease acquired in ageing adults. HL 362 price As patients grow, they do not just want to live longer, they wales lifelong health management, organization of developmental health services, and integration of vertical and horizontal health-service delivery. © 2020 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.Printing of electronics has been receiving increasing attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, commonly used printing techniques have limited resolution of micro- or sub-microscale. Here, a directed-assembly-based printing technique, interfacial convective assembly, is reported, which utilizes a substrate-heating-induced solutal Marangoni convective flow to drive particles toward patterned substrates and then uses van der Waals interactions as well as geometrical confinement to trap the particles in the pattern areas. The influence of various assembly parameters including type of mixing solvent, substrate temperature, particle concentration, and assembly time is investigated. The results show successful assembly of various nanoparticles in patterns of different shapes with a high resolution down to 25 nm. In addition, the assembly only takes a few minutes, which is two orders of magnitude faster than conventional convective assembly. Small-sized (diameter below 5 nm) nanoparticles tend to coalesce during the assembly process and form sintered structures. The fabricated silver nanorods show single-crystal structure with a low resistivity of 8.58 × 10-5 Ω cm. With high versatility, high resolution, and high throughput, the interfacial convective assembly opens remarkable opportunities for printing next generation nanoelectronics and sensors. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Epidermal bioelectronics that can monitor human health status non-invasively and in real time are core to wearable healthcare equipment. Achieving mechanically tolerant surface bioreactions that convert biochemical information to detectable signals is crucial for obtaining high sensing fidelity. In this work, by combining simulations and experiments, a typical epidermal biosensor system is investigated based on a redox enzyme cascade reaction (RECR) comprising glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase enzymes and Prussian blue nanoparticles. Simulations reveal that strain-induced change in surface reactant flux is the key to the performance drop in traditional flat bioelectrodes. In contrast, wavy bioelectrodes capable of curvature adaptation maintain the reactant flux under strain, which preserves sensing fidelity. This rationale is experimentally proven by bioelectrodes with flat/wavy geometry under both static strain and dynamic stretching. When exposed to 50% strain, the signal fluctuations for wavy bioelectrodes are only 7.0% (4.9%) in detecting glucose (lactate), which are significantly lower than the 40.3% (51.8%) in flat bioelectrodes. Based on this wavy bioelectrode, a stable human epidermal metabolite biosensor insensitive to human gestures is further demonstrated. This mechanically tolerant biosensor based on adaptive curvature engineering provides a reliable bio/chemical-information monitoring platform for soft healthcare bioelectronics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.HL 362 price