1. 🔤 Variable
Think of a variable as a container that stores information. You can give this container a name and put a value inside it.
name = "Alice"
age = 25
In this example, name is a variable that holds the string "Alice", and age holds the number 25.
👉 Why it matters: Variables help you store and reuse data throughout your code.
2. đź§© Function
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Instead of repeating yourself, you can “package” your code into a function.
def greet():
print("Hello there!")
This function is called greet, and whenever you run it, it prints a greeting.
3. 📞 Function Call
Writing a function is one thing—but to use it, you need to call it.
greet()
That’s how you activate the greet function. Without this line, the function won’t do anything.
4. 📬 Arguments / Parameters
When you want your function to work with specific data, you can pass arguments (also called parameters) to it.
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
greet("Alice")
greet("Bob")
Here, name is a parameter, and "Alice" and "Bob" are arguments you pass when calling the function.
5. đź”— Concatenation
Concatenation means joining things together—usually strings (text).
first_name = "John"
last_name = "Doe"
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print(full_name)
This prints John Doe. The + sign joins the strings.
6. 🔄 Return
A function can return a value back to the place where it was called.
def add(a, b):
return a + b
result = add(3, 5)
print(result) # Outputs: 8
Instead of just printing inside the function, we use return so we can save or use the result later.
7. 🧬 Data Type
Every piece of data in programming has a data type—a classification of what kind of data it is.
Common types:
int: Integer (e.g. 42)
float: Decimal number (e.g. 3.14)
str: String (e.g. "hello")
bool: Boolean (True or False)
name = "Alice" # str
age = 30 # int
height = 5.5 # float
is_student = True # bool
👉 Why it matters: Understanding data types helps you avoid errors and use the right tools for the job.
🎯 Final Thoughts
These seven concepts—variables, functions, function calls, arguments/parameters, concatenation, return values, and data types—are the building blocks of programming. Mastering them is your first big step into writing clear, powerful code!
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