Dennis O'Keeffe

Posted on Jul 4, 2020 • Originally published at blog.dennisokeeffe.com

Dipping Your Feet Into Servers With Golang + Fiber

#go #webdev #tutorial #beginners

In this entry into Fiber, we will cover installation of Fiber, as well as the basics of GET + POST requests, handling errors and returning JSON.

This will be the first in a small series I will write over the coming week on using Fiber and hooking it up to things like databases and deployments to AWS.

I've done a bunch of blog posts so far on JavaScript, so I think I might follow the pattern of changing language every week or so to keep spitting out different content. Where possible, I'll still try to bring in an interesting spin to how we can use those languages to do cool things (not the beginner posts though - this will be one of them).

It expects that you Golang installed and understand the basics of running Go applications.

Installing Fiber

go get -u github.com/gofiber/fiber

Running our Hello World

Create a new directory, change into it and add a main.go file:

mkdir hello-fiber
cd hello-fiber
touch main.go

Add the following to main.go:

package main

import "github.com/gofiber/fiber"

func main() {
  app := fiber.New()

  app.Get("/", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
    c.Send("Hello, World 👋!")
  })

  app.Listen(3000)
}

We can use go run main.go to get the local server going. You should now be faced with something similar to the following (with slight differences based on hardware, OS etc):

> go run main.go
        _______ __
  ____ / ____(_) /_  ___  _____   HOST   127.0.0.1  OS    DARWIN
_____ / /_  / / __ \/ _ \/ ___/   PORT   3000       CORES 8
  __ / __/ / / /_/ /  __/ /       TLS    FALSE      MEM   16G
    /_/   /_/_.___/\___/_/1.12.3  ROUTES 1          PPID  70043

We only currently have the one route at http://localhost:3000/. Let's fire a call that way in a fresh terminal window.

> curl http://localhost:3000
Hello, World 👋!%

We are in business!

Using POST requests

Let's add our first basic POST request! In this example, we want to simply pass some data and send it back.

The basic Body signature from docs is the following:

c.Body() string

This tells us that the Fiber Context has a Body function that will return a string. Let's see this in action!

// the rest of the code is omitted for brevity
// add to your main function

app.Post("/first", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
   // Get raw body from POST request:
   body := c.Body() // user=john
   c.Send(body)
})

Here, we are going to use the Post method to setup a POST route that takes two arguments similar to what we have for the GET route! The route path and a function to handle what is sent to that route.

Let's fire a cURL request and see what comes back:

> curl -X POST http://localhost:3000 -d hello=world
hello=world%

Peaches! We get back what we send as expected.

Binding the request body to a struct

We can use BodyParser out-of-the-box to support decoding query parameters:

c.BodyParser(out interface{}) error

This tells us that we pass an interface as an argument to which the request body will be binded to, and will get out an error err if there are any issues.

From the docs, we can see the following Content-Type headers are supported:

application/json
application/xml
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
multipart/form-data

Let's use an example passing these different data types!

Update the main.go file to look like the following:

package main

import (
  "github.com/gofiber/fiber"
  "log"
)

// Person field names should start with an uppercase letter
type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name" xml:"name" form:"name" query:"name"`
    Age uint8 `json:"age" xml:"age" form:"age" query:"age"`
}

func main() {
  app := fiber.New()

  app.Get("/", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
    c.Send("Hello, World 👋!")
    })

    app.Post("/first", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
        // Get raw body from POST request:
        body := c.Body() // user=john
        c.Send(body)
    })

    app.Post("/person", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
        // Create new person p
        p := new(Person)

        // Bind data to p or log error
        if err := c.BodyParser(p); err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
                c.Status(500).Send("Failed")
                return
        }

        log.Println(p.Name)
        log.Println(p.Age)

        c.Send("Success")
    })

  app.Listen(3000)
}

We are adding the "log" package in the imports to log some values to the console.

We've added a /person route to handle accepting POST data for the values of "name" and "age". You may be wondering why I've gone with uint8 as well. uint8 gives us eight bits, and since a bit can be 0 or 1, we get 2^8 for an unsigned int. This gives us values from 0 up to 255 in value - more than the age of any person. We are also going unsigned as you cannot have a negative age. Small details really, but this is just for memory efficiency.

Let's run some examples to see what we get from the command line passing the different types (and one with an error):

# JSON
> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data "{\"name\":\"Dennis\",\"age\":27}" localhost:3000/person
Success%
# XML
> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/xml" --data "<login><name>Dennis</name><age>27</age></login>" localhost:3000/person
Success%
# x-www-form-urlencoded
> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" --data "name=Dennis&age=27" localhost:3000/person
Success%
# Form data
> curl -X POST -F name=Dennis -F age=27 http://localhost:3000/person
Success%
# Query values
> curl -X POST "http://localhost:3000/person?name=Dennis&age=27"
Success%
# Error Example passing age as a string
> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data "{\"name\":\"Dennis\",\"age\":\"27\"}" localhost:3000/person
Failed%

You'll notice that in our other terminal where the server is running, we then get the following messages:

        _______ __
  ____ / ____(_) /_  ___  _____   HOST   127.0.0.1  OS    DARWIN
_____ / /_  / / __ \/ _ \/ ___/   PORT   3000       CORES 8
  __ / __/ / / /_/ /  __/ /       TLS    FALSE      MEM   16G
    /_/   /_/_.___/\___/_/1.12.3  ROUTES 3          PPID  72661

2020/07/04 09:47:38 Dennis
2020/07/04 09:47:38 27
2020/07/04 09:47:52 Dennis
2020/07/04 09:47:52 27
2020/07/04 09:47:58 Dennis
2020/07/04 09:47:58 27
2020/07/04 09:48:16 Dennis
2020/07/04 09:48:16 27
2020/07/04 09:48:21 Dennis
2020/07/04 09:49:24 json: cannot unmarshal string into Go struct field Person.age of type uint8

Nice! Things are up and running!

Returning JSON

In the last example today, let's unmarshall the values, edit them a little bit and then return them back as JSON!

From the docs, we can do this using context's JSON method. Here is the signature:

c.JSON(v interface{}) error

Similar to the POST calls, it takes an interface to bind the data into and will surface an error if there is an issue.

We are going to reuse our Person struct that we already have.

Add the following as our final route in the main.go file:

app.Post("/json", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
  // Create new person p
  p := new(Person)

  // Bind data to p or log error
  if err := c.BodyParser(p); err != nil {
    log.Println(err)
    c.Status(500).Send("Failed")
    return
  }

  // Create data struct:
  data := Person{
    Name: strings.ToUpper(p.Name),
    Age:  p.Age + 10,
  }

  if err := c.JSON(data); err != nil {
    c.Status(500).Send(err)
    return
  }
})

And ensure to add strings to our imports:

import (
  "github.com/gofiber/fiber"
  "log"
  "strings"
)

We are ready to go! Restart the server and we'll send the same JSON request we did above but to the /json route:

> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data "{\"name\":\"Dennis\",\"age\":27}" localhost:3000/json -v
{"name":"DENNIS","age":37}%

Woo! Our uppercased name and age with an extra decade have come back!.

If we run the same cURL with -v for verbose, we can get a little extra info:

> curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data "{\"name\":\"Dennis\",\"age\":27}" localhost:3000/json -v
Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
*   Trying ::1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connection failed
* connect to ::1 port 3000 failed: Connection refused
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 3000 (#0)
> POST /json HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:3000
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
> Content-Type: application/json
> Content-Length: 26
>
* upload completely sent off: 26 out of 26 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Sat, 04 Jul 2020 00:02:38 GMT
< Content-Type: application/json
< Content-Length: 26
<
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
{"name":"DENNIS","age":37}%

There are some interesting points that come from here. For starters, apparently I've been using -X unnecessarily my whole life (oops). Secondly, we can see that the Content-Type we get back with our called it already set to be application/json thanks to the c.JSON method!

Wrap Up

In today's post, we went through the basics with the Fiber library for getting setup, basic GET and POST requests, plus how to handle POST data and return JSON.

Between this information, you are already in a great position to start building out some wickedly cool APIs. Bring in any other Go knowledge you already have and the world is your oyster!

We'll continue using Fiber in the following blog posts and start getting into handling things like deployments and connecting to databases!

Final code

Here is our final main.go file:

package main

import (
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber"
    "log"
    "strings"
)

// Person field names should start with an uppercase letter
type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name" xml:"name" form:"name" query:"name"`
    Age uint8 `json:"age" xml:"age" form:"age" query:"age"`
}

func main() {
  app := fiber.New()

  app.Get("/", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
    c.Send("Hello, World 👋!")
    })

    app.Post("/first", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
        // Get raw body from POST request:
        body := c.Body() // user=john
        c.Send(body)
    })

    app.Post("/person", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
        // Create new person p
        p := new(Person)

        // Bind data to p or log error
        if err := c.BodyParser(p); err != nil {
                log.Println(err)
                c.Status(500).Send("Failed")
                return
        }

        log.Println(p.Name)
        log.Println(p.Age)

        c.Send("Success")
    })

    app.Post("/json", func(c *fiber.Ctx) {
        // Create new person p
        p := new(Person)

        // Bind data to p or log error
        if err := c.BodyParser(p); err != nil {
            log.Println(err)
            c.Status(500).Send("Failed")
            return
        }

        // Create data struct:
        data := Person{
            Name: strings.ToUpper(p.Name),
            Age:  p.Age + 10,
        }

        if err := c.JSON(data); err != nil {
            c.Status(500).Send(err)
            return
        }
    })

  app.Listen(3000)
}

Resources and Further Reading

Image credit: Franck V.

Originally posted on my blog. Follow me on Twitter for more hidden gems @dennisokeeffe92.

DEV Community

Dipping Your Feet Into Servers With Golang + Fiber

Installing Fiber

Running our Hello World

Using POST requests

Binding the request body to a struct

Returning JSON

Wrap Up

Final code

Resources and Further Reading

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