OOP a software development mass psychosis

A broad layman's definition of a psychosis is roughly; "The belief in something that has been proven to be wrong". The definition of a mass psychosis is when a lot of people shares this false belief.

History is full of mass psychotic incidents, and today is not different in any ways. My favourite mass psychotic incident from history is "the dancing plague" from 500 years ago in Germany, when literally thousands of people danced themselves to death from exhaustion without any apparent reason. Some 30 years ago, Russian authorities had to close down primary schools in several districts to contain their "laughing plague" that started spreading at one primary school amongst teenagers and kids, resulting in children laughing so hard they could barely breadth. One small group of children had started laughing in one class room, and before the end of the week the thing had spread to dozens of schools, with hundreds of hysterical kids incapable of stopping their hysterical laughter. Psychologists were called in, and the area was set into a "temporary state of health emergency" and children were isolated at home to try to prevent them from literally laughing themselves to death by choking ...

For 30+ years, software developers have been taught a mantra that over time has turned into more or less the declaration of faith required to believe in to be able to land a job as a software developer, and this mantra is as follows.

Object Oriented Programming is a good thing

When in fact 30+ years of history has taught us the exact opposite. For instance ...

• Implementing encapsulation in OOP results in unnecessary complexity and virtually impossible to understand code
• Polymorphism results in chaos and extremely hard to track down bugs
• Coupling data (fields) with logic (methods) is the recipe for disaster, and entangles your logic and data in ways that are arguably the very definition of madness
• Single responsibility results in 1,000+ classes for something that could have been done with 5 functions in FP.

I could go on and mention hundreds of such issues with OOP. However the proof is in design patterns, clean architecture, and SOLID. If OOP was a solution to anything really, we wouldn't need design patterns, clean architecture, or SOLID design principles. OOP itself would be enough for us. The fact that OOP need crutches to stand upright, is by itself enough proof for us.

I once heard a LISP developer prove how 19 of the 23 original design patterns from GoF's book made absolutely no sense what so ever in LISP. In fact, you can quantify a programming language's amount of "psychosis" according to its required number of design patterns in order to correctly use the language. If you do, you will realise that 99% of all design patterns are simply "hacks" around OOP's inadequacies.

Of course for a developer who just started out coding, having read all the marketing gibberish for OOP, separating the truth from fiction becomes incredibly hard. It's therefor the responsibility of the senior developer to stop this psychosis, and explain the advantages of more functional programming languages to junior developers, such that we can hopefully collectively discard this paradigm that originally came out of Simula 67 in Oslo more than 50 years ago - OOP that is of course ...

AA have a 12 step program for healing yourself from addiction. Paradoxically, the same steps can be applied to almost anything in this world, and the first step is always as follows ...

Step 1, realise you have a problem

The problem of course is OOP, and the realisation point is the point in time when you utter this out loud, not afraid of the consequences - Admitting that OO is in fact a psychosis, and not a "brilliant software development paradigm" in any ways what so ever. For crying out loud, every single computer process consists of more or less the exact same parts; Input + process results in output. Exchange process in the former sentence with a verb, and you've effectively illustrated every single (successful) computer process that was ever created.

When it comes to verbs, functional programming is simply superior to OOP with its "subjects", in every regard that exists. So say after me as follows ...

OOP is a psychosis! It is not a solution, it is the problem!

For the record, if you want to work in a sane programming language, there exists dozens of nice languages out there, such as for instance ...

• LISP
• GoLang (yup, no OO here)
• F#
• Or my personal favourite (shameless plug) of course Hyperlambda

When it comes to OOP, ask yourself the following; "What would Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan do?" - The answer of course is simple ...

Just say no!

Comments

[Coding Bugs]

Very nice article. I think you argue in a really good way but I disagree with you in almost all points. You said that OOP is not the unique solution and this is totally right. Depending on the problem you should apply the right solution. I mean, OOP is a way of structuring code and can be a solution for some problems. However, people not always apply OOP in the proper way and not always apply other solutions in the right way. That's why OOP seems to be a bad solution but could happen the same with other approaches.

[Thomas Hansen]

A broomstick is perfect because it doesn't need an instruction manual. Everything that's brilliant is intuitively understood without requiring further explanation. When I started coding (40 years ago), my very first creation was as follows.

10 PRINT "THOMAS IS COOL"
20 GOTO 10

Reproducing the above easily understood program in (correct) OO would probably require an OutputFactory class, an OutputFactoryMarshaler class, a Main class, another OutputFactoryMarshalerFactory, with a couple of interface implementations to make sure it's adequately abstracted, another DoWork class, definitely inheriting from (at least) 2 or 3 distinct interfaces to apply by the rules of "SOLID", separating the implementation from the interface, allowing maintainers to implement alternatives through their IoC container, to prepare for scenarios that would highly unlikely never occur - And at the end of the day, I would have increased the requirements for cognitive energy by several orders of magnitudes to maintain it, effectively created "unmaintainable code", impossible to understand, debug, or extend in any ways what so ever - Paradoxically, because I wanted something that was extendible, easily maintained, and easily understood, with proper encapsulation.

I'm not sure who said this, I think it was attributed to Leonardo DaVinci though, and it goes as follows ...

Simplicity is the only brilliance

You can use OO to create great code, but the paradigm is implicitly making it much, much harder - Because the paradigm is fundamentally wrong. With OO, assuming you obey by SOLID, with the aim of creating "great code", it is fundamentally impossible to create even the simplest of "Hello World", without ending up with a "class hierarchy from the depths of Mordor" ...

Don't believe me? Port my above BASIC program (2 lines of code) to any OO language of your choice, and in the process make sure you obey by all the OO design principles, such as SOLID, clean architecture, etc, applying the adequate design patterns in the process where they make sense ... :/

Computing is a process of transformation. A process of transformation takes input, applies a verb to your input, and produces a result. The nature of our brains, and the natural laws of the universe you might argue, is much better geared towards using "verbs" as the mechanism to transform such data. Verbs are fundamentally better described with "functions", and not "subjects" (classes and types) ...

When that's said, I do a lot of work in OOP, simply for no other reason than the fact of that most other produce OOP code - I just try to avoid it every time I can avoid it ...

Notice, I liked your comment ;)

[John Peters]

While(true) Console.WriteLine("Thomas is wrong");

[Adam Crockett 🌀]

And are you cool Thomas?

[Adam Crockett 🌀]

I think so

[Thomas Hansen]

Hahaha :D

I was 8 years old ...

[Adam Crockett 🌀]

Did you get the code from a magazine, I was told that's how most kids got to write basic

[Thomas Hansen]

Oric 1 User was the magazine's name. This was in 1982 though ...

[Anurag Vohra]

Reality:

class Print{
     printInLoop(message){
        while(true){
           console.log(message)
        }
    }
}

Anti OOPs Ranting:

Reproducing the above easily understood program in (correct) OO would probably require an OutputFactory class, an OutputFactoryMarshaler class, a Main class, another OutputFactoryMarshalerFactory, with a couple of interface implementations to make sure it's adequately abstracted, another DoWork class, definitely inheriting from (at least) 2 or 3 distinct interfaces to apply by the rules of "SOLID", separating the implementation from the interface, allowing maintainers to implement alternatives through their IoC container, to prepare for scenarios that would highly unlikely never occur - And at the end of the day, I would have increased the requirements for cognitive energy by several orders of magnitudes to maintain it, effectively created "unmaintainable code", impossible to understand, debug, or extend in any ways what so ever - Paradoxically, because I wanted something that was extendible, easily maintained, and easily understood, with proper encapsulation.

[Thomas Hansen]

Even if that was true, the above is 7 lines of code. That is 3.5 times as many LOC as my 2 liner. Science shows us that the amount of resources required to maintain code is proportional to the LOC count. Your example is hence 3.5 times more demanding in both initial resources to create it and resources required to maintain it. One of OOP's sales pitches was "that it makes it easier to maintain your code". You just scientifically proved it wrong ...

[Anurag Vohra]

The ranting you did was , as I told none of them was required:

Reproducing the above easily understood program in (correct) OO would probably require an OutputFactory class, an OutputFactoryMarshaler class, a Main class, another OutputFactoryMarshalerFactory, with a couple of interface implementations to make sure it's adequately abstracted, another DoWork class, definitely inheriting from (at least) 2 or 3 distinct interfaces to apply by the rules of "SOLID", separating the implementation from the interface, allowing maintainers to implement alternatives through their IoC container, to prepare for scenarios that would highly unlikely never occur - And at the end of the day, I would have increased the requirements for cognitive energy by several orders of magnitudes to maintain it, effectively created "unmaintainable code", impossible to understand, debug, or extend in any ways what so ever - Paradoxically, because I wanted something that was extendible, easily maintained, and easily understood, with proper encapsulation.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

@polterguy you're repeating a very common fallacy - less code is better. In fact, the amount of code is much less important (and in most cases just irrelevant). Also, this example does not show nor prove anything because it has zero useful functionality.

[Thomas Hansen]

LOC is always proportional to resource requirements for maintaining the code. Resource requirements is "the price". The goal is to reduce the price, without reducing quality or deliverability ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

The very first statement is the root of the issue. Because it just plain wrong. The "mechanical" metric like LOC does not consider the business (task) context. Simple counter-example for this statement: there are "write-only" code (for example, regular expressions), which is very concise, but very hard to support and maintain.

In fact, reduction of the LOC makes sense only as long as business context is preserved. Once reduction is done by dropping part of context (for example, by relying on "implicit" knowledge or "defaults"), reduction of LOC causes more harm than good.

[Thomas Hansen]

reduction of LOC causes more harm than good

Well, my statement is still accurate. Don't like it, blame the scientists. It's been proven over and over again, already as far back as in the 1960s. I even think Brooks wrote about it in his "Mythical Man Month" from the late 60s. I first saw it in the book called "The art of CISC x86 Assembly Programming". The author used it as an argument for that assembly was only 25% "slower" in Time2Market compared to C.

Whether or not it causes harm or does good of course, is another subject, but the amount of resources required to maintain a snippet of code, is directly proportional to the LOC count, regardless of language ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Since the 60s there are many things changed, including tools we're using to read, write and manage code. That assessment is not accurate anymore. You might be interested to take a look: dev.to/siy/we-should-write-java-co...
It's very Java-oriented, but you might find similarities in other languages as well.

[Evgeny Gorbovoy]

This math is written at information theory. The more complex are encoder and decoder, the smaller is the code. However, it's possible to transmit very simple code with lot of repeatitions and it can be produced/understood by same simple encoder/decoder. However, we consider less-entropy code to be better because in general we are reducing local entropy, thats is the progammers' job and i believe life in general.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

You expressed a general view, but, as it often happens, the devil is buried in the details.

Information which need to be stored in the code consists of three main components:

• business logic/requirements
• language syntax/ceremony
• language defaults/implicit information

Let's assume that incoming business logic is fixed (it is defined by the task in hands). So, if the total amount of information is fixed and preserved during encoding/decoding, then we can reduce the amount of the code only by shifting the balance between syntax and implicit information. The implicit information must be present in both, encoder and decoder to enable them to perform their functions and to avoid information loss.

Since this is the developer, who actually handles "encoder/decoder" task, reduction of the syntax by increasing amount of implicit information results in the growth of mental overhead. This, in turn, means that a smaller amount of code is enough to hit "complexity barrier" of the project. You can see this effect in the real life observation, for example it is well-known fact that strongly typed languages (i.e. ones which are inherently more verbose) far better suited for large, complex, long-living projects.

As I've assumed above, information is preserved during encoding. But for many languages this is not the case. This results in different "impedance" of writing and reading code. Perhaps the best illustration of this loss are regular expressions. They are rather easy to write, but very hard to read because information which exists during encoding is lost. Worse is that get lost most valuable part of the information - business logic/requirements.

With all of the above, it is easy to see that "less code is better" idea is too simplistic and does not consider real-life implications like loss of the information during encoding or need to keep in mind huge amounts of defaults/implicit information.

[Thomas Hansen]

If "more code" was better, nobody would purchase off the shelf products, such as iOS, ClickUp, use GitHub for that matter, etc - Facts are; Less code is always a blessing ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

I see no reason why my point of view should be screwed and pushed to absurd, like you're trying to do.

I reiterate my real point of view: less code is better only if there is no loss of context (in the term of my previous answer - business logic/requirements remain preserved during encoding). The "fact" you're pushing, does not work in real life. Otherwise, APL would be one of the most widely used languages, but it collects dust somewhere in the IT history closet.

[Thomas Hansen]

Code is the very definition of technical debt. Pinpointing that out isn't pushing it to the extreme in any ways. If one million LOC requires 3 people to maintain it, then two million LOC requires (at least) 6 people. The resource requirements probably also grows exponentially and not linearly too. The less LOC, the less technical debt. Whether the company is able to operate with zero LOC or not, is of course questionable - However if it can, without compromising business functions, zero LOC is the goal ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

OK, I reiterate: your argumentation is applicable only if we're talking about same language and same code base. It does not provide any basis for comparison of different languages or different code bases.

[Evgeny Gorbovoy]

"complexity barrier" - is not property of a project. It's property of a developer.
If we can't handle decoding that does not mean the code is bad.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

"Complexity barrier" is the property of the combination of the developer AND the language.

If we can't handle decoding, that does mean that code is unmaintainable. Of course, this does not mean that code is bad. It's not good nor bad. It's useless.

[Thomas Hansen]

Actually, the language is literally irrelevant, something demonstrated by several peer reviewed scientific reports about the subject, many times too in fact.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Would like to see one.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Just in case if anyone is looking for something relevant: the study, which proves quite low relevance of LOC as a metric across different languages. I was really impressed to find, that LOC is most relevant for COBOL :) (but relevance is still too low to be useful).

[Thomas Hansen]

"Quite low" is not the same as "irrelevant" - However, the interesting question isn't productivity, the interesting question is "how much technical debt will I be taking on". As in the cost to maintain the thing ...

Measuring developer's productivity according to LOC is (of course) madness! Measuring a software project's complexity and amount of technical debt according to the same metric, is probably a quite good metric ...

Hence, paying developers according to LOC (which was Bill Gates' joke) becomes absurd, because you're paying them for (technical) debt ...

Which was the famous IBM quote where Bill did the Jumbo Jet analogy paying for the weight of the plane as a metric ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Should we consider all factors? For example, amount of caffeine in the developers' coffee? Or display diagonal and resolution? All these also impacts technical debt and cost to maintain.

Recently did a huge refactoring, which increased amount of the code (for refactored part) by about ~25%. At the same time, refactored code now is readable by every team member, not just by the author of the code. And no, this is not the first time I observe such an effect. Yet another illustration that technical debt and LOC are not related to each other.

[Thomas Hansen]

Segregating related parts into separate components is a good idea, for different reasons, since it allows the developers to focus on one problem at the time. However, even though you increased the LOC count by 25%, you probably separated the thing into multiple (smaller) components and modules. Whether or not you increased the LOC or decreased the LOC is actually "debatable", regardless of the hard core numbers you provide ... ;)

[Thomas Hansen]

If the code cannot be easily understood in 20 minutes by an experienced software developer it's garbage, and the only hope that exists is to initiate a "SHIFT+DELETE" refactoring project ... :/

I've maintained dozens, if not hundreds of "complex projects" in my 20+ years of experience. They've all got a lot of common traits; They're unmaintainable, there's 10x as many developers working on the project(s) as you'd need if the project was easily understood, they've had to obtain 100x as much HW to run the thing on, because it leaks like Titanic, and the software runs like freakin' syrup and consumes 10x as much resources, time and bandwidth as would be necessary if they were nicely architected. The most fascinating part of these projects, is that the CEO having paid millions of EUROs having assembled this garbage literally believes that "the thing is worth a lot of money". I wouldn't have accepted any of these codebases today if I was paid money to be given them for free.

Typically, they're millions of LOCs, outdated, impossible to update or fix bugs in, and performance is so degrading that the company as a consequence is bleeding money.

A FinTech company I was working for had a payment API that would literally reject 25% of all attempts to pay, because their API backend was so slow the payment provider gave up sending us notifications, resulting in timeouts from the payment provider, resulting in that we literally lost 25% of all payments. The exception log in this thing was accumulating 2,000 unhandled exceptions on a daily basis. We had roughly 700 users on a daily basis. 3 unhandled exceptions for each user. Today the company no longer exists.

Facts are, literally every single project I've worked on during my professional life resembles this junkyard of software ... :/

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

If the code cannot be easily understood in 20 minutes by an experienced software developer it's garbage

Or software developer is not as experienced, as it thinks about itself.

P.S. Your story does prove literally nothing. I saw different projects in my career, and not all of them were like ones described by you.

[Evgeny Gorbovoy]

The exception log in this thing was accumulating 2,000 unhandled exceptions on a daily basis

This is how modern application works, in .NET for example. Developers just wrap everything to try{}catch(exception){_logger.LogException(exception);} and run the code until someone complains. Then trying to investigate logs)

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

This is how some modern applications are working. Not all of them.

[Thomas Hansen]

I have worked as a professional software developer for 22 years, in the US, in Norway, in Cyprus, and remotely for companies all over the world - In addition, I've worked as a consultant due to my experience as an architect and advisor. I have never seen anything not resembling garbage.

I have worked on software that was installed in some of the largest hospitals in the world. I have worked on software licensed by all major banks in (unnamed) country in EU. I have worked on software used by hundreds of thousands of traders on a daily basis. I have worked on software used by some of the largest streaming service providers in the world. I can guarantee you with 100% certainty that it's all garbage, and for the same reasons too. Overcomplicated, over engineered, astronaut architecture, created by a bunch of autistics, capable of describing DDD and SOLID until normal people "cracks", and simply leaves the room from cognitive overload, resulting in a complexity resembling some creature from John's Revelations, with configuration files (Pulsar?) with tens of thousands of lines of YAML code, to create a "bare bones" (basic) installation.

I swear to (unnamed deity) if somebody suggests DDD, SOLID, or Micro Service architecture for me once more, based upon message brokers, event sourcing, sagas and CQRS, I'll end up having to go to prison for manslaughter ... :/

My favourite system was a partner administration system using Guids as "authentication tokens", automatically injecting these as GET QUERY parameters upon invocations to the backend. The Guids was the primary key for the user records in the database BTW. That thing was built in a frontend framework that was literally abandoned by its (only) developer 15 years earlier, scattered with jQuery all over the place, 15 years after jQuery was arguably obsolete may I add. It was creating 15 different "queues" in Solace, required 4 weeks of configuration to simply get it up running, and consisted of a monster codebase, with 25+ "micro services" dependencies, to simply get a single 200 OK HTTP response from its backend. I practically begged my manager to do the big rewrite. His response was "it works". The system has since been replaced and tossed in the garbage as far as I know ...

The above system was using Durandal as an "MVC framework" to "increase code quality". One of my views had 6,000 LOC. One single JavaScript file. I was going mental over having "project team lead" responsibilities over the thing, and suffered a 2 year long non-stop headache because of "all the attempts to increase code quality" ... :/

If you see things "differently", then either I'm the one with "a problem", or maybe something else is wrong here ...

Just sayin' ... :/

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

My condolences. Perhaps I'm more lucky or just working in the industry little bit longer (about 35 years), but I saw projects which didn't look like ones you're describing. By the way, I share your skepsis regarding microservices (you can find many related articles in my blog).

[Evgeny Gorbovoy]

Could you, please, show a project which you like or you think it's nearly fine?

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

The vast majority of the projects I was working on are enterprise ones. Obviously, they are not available publicly. Nevertheless, my current project is open source, and you can take a look here. It's definitely far from perfect, but it not even close to the tragedy mentioned above in a comment I've replied to.
Of course, there are also my personal projects, but they are too small to serve as an example.

[Thomas Hansen]

You are obviously highly skilled, and know what you're doing, but you're also (kind of) proving the point with things such as this - Where we're 9 folders in, having a class name consisting of 5 words and 30+ characters. But as I started out with, you're highly skilled, and I don't mean to put you down as a person, but you're still arguably proving the initial statement of my article ... :/

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

The number of words in the class name does not matter, it's a "mechanical" metric, just like LOC. The purpose of the name is to provide as much of the business context as necessary, and this particular name does exactly that. You might notice that it does not contain any design pattern names or any other useless stuff. The importance of preserving business context I've already stressed.

[Thomas Hansen]

Good point. However, if it was written in a functional context its name would be a single verb, such as "Create", "Run", "Transfer", etc ...

The whole point with my OP was how FP results in more readable code. More readable code translates to more maintainable code. More maintainable code again, results in less costs and less technical debt ...

If there's only one person maintaining the code, of course the above is irrelevant. The problem doesn't become a problem before somebody else needs to understand the code ...

Yet again, I want to emphasise I don't intend to pick on you in particular - You're obviously highly skilled, and a pride to your employer ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

If you take a look into my blog, you'll discover that I'm a big proponent of FP. I also believe that there is no point to confront OOP and FP. In fact, they perfectly fine complement each other and quite often trying to achieve same goal, just using slightly different (complementary) views on same things.

The class which you've pointed, actually demonstrates this approach in action: the class serves as a holder of the "context" (hashing algorithm) and its methods basically nothing else than partially applied functions in FP. This class utilizes OOP to achieve additional goals:

• Preserve more business context, in particular, knowledge that that all 3 methods are logically related and should be consistently configured (partially applied in FP terms)
• Allows to maintain 1 thing (class) instead of 3 (functions)
• Makes use of different algorithms convenient and less error-prone.

[Anurag Vohra]

Over exaggeration to prove once point. LOC is important, but so is common sense.
A developer who finds 2 extra lines of code difficult to understand, and is ready to sacrifice modularity and every other aspect of programming, is definitely not making a strong point.

[Thomas Hansen]

You're right, but so is (still) the science about LOC. LOC is the factor determining resources required to achieve maintainability according to science. Sometimes it helps to add some few additional lines of code to increase readability or modularity, but the science is still sound, and proclaims that there is a one to one proportional resource requirement towards maintainability and LOC ...

Notice, I don't disagree with you ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

LOC metric as a factor determining resources makes sense only under identical circumstances. Once you change language, code style or even formatting, comparison of LOC gets meaningless.
Simple example: make a license header mandatory in each source file and LOC will immediately grow, but maintenance efforts will barely change because processing is automated and folding in IDE will preserve user experience.

[Thomas Hansen]

Once you change language, code style or even formatting, comparison of LOC gets meaningless

Actually, this was Randy's exact point, that it doesn't matter, and he used it as an argument to prove how "assembly programming is only 25% more resource intensive than C", so not it doesn't matter actually ...

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

I didn't say it doesn't matter. I did say that comparison makes sense only in same conditions.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Any paradigm can be pushed to extreme (absurd). OOP is not an exception. FP either.

P.S. you're mixing into OOP all things, which basically not an OOP: patterns, SOLID, clean architecture and other stuff.

[Thomas Hansen]

No, I am using design patterns and SOLID as the proof of that OOP is sub-optimal.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Try to apply the same approach to FP, and you'll see the same issues. Because there is no optimal solution.

[ugla]

Let's try in one of the original object-oriented languages. :)

[Transcript show: 'Thomas is cool'] repeat.

[Thomas Hansen]

Hehe, Simula ...?

[ugla]

Smalltalk :D

[Thomas Hansen]

Smalltalk is one of those languages I in general respect, although I've never really dived into it ...
Alan was a smart guy ;)

[István Ujj-Mészáros]

"The above system was using Durandal as an "MVC framework" to "increase code quality"."
Actually, enforcing MVC in a framework is bad architecture. It applies to any MVC framework. Frameworks should focus on core business tasks like user handling, authentication, and authorization. Assigning the responsibility of handling views to a framework may cause modularization and componentization efforts to fail, potentially resulting in spaghetti code, regardless of whether OOP or FP is used.

A more effective approach involves a modular framework implementing the hexagonal pattern, complemented by a separate module responsible for input and output. In the context of web applications, this can appear as a CMS module, but this principle can apply broadly across various application types.

Routing handled by a framework can be a warning sign, and plain wrong in applications where different UI themes or outputs might necessitate rendering different components for the same URL or input.

When considering maintainability, the coding approach (OOP or FP) or the number of lines of code (LOC) aren't the main focus. The key lies in the application of best practices and adherence to proper principles."

I hope this revision is more to your satisfaction. Please let me know if there are other aspects you'd like to modify.

[Davi de Carvalho]

I guess you forgot one of the most important principles: KISS.

Your article about OO being overcomplicated can be ported to anything, really.

If we would follow every FP principles, would also be very hard to maintain stuff, e.g: if you need to STDOUT something, you would have to create a monad or something like it to avoid the log side effect, since it's an I/O.

Just keep the code simple and get the best parts of OOP and FP.

[Thomas Hansen]

You're right, and obviously that was my point. History has taught me that the statistical probability of that an OO project turns into an "astronaut architecture project from the depths of Mordor" is 10x orders of magnitudes more likely than that the equivalent FP project ending in the same result ...

[Dylan Watson]

I really enjoyed reading this article but I can't help feeling that someone has beaten you with a broomstick far too many times... Then blamed it on OOP.
If you see code that looks like that, it doesn't matter what paradigm you claim to be following, you are doing it wrong!

[Thomas Hansen]

Thank you, and yes, you’re probably right. The problem is COMPLEXITY. But I’d still argue that the solution is NOT OOP 😉

[Ben Sinclair]

I'm joining this thread because the rest got flattened and is difficult to read.

If "more code" was better, nobody would purchase off the shelf products, such as iOS, ClickUp, use GitHub for that matter

I think that's a non-sequitur which doesn't do anything for your argument.

the above is 7 lines of code.

I'd say more like 4. You can see it's more verbose, you don't need to start counting braces to add to the argument!

[jekinney]

Probably why Tetrus and games like angry birds made millions

[Thomas Hansen]

Psst, here's a functional example of a code snippet taken from our website (Hyperlambda code). Try implementing the same in C#, Java or (sigh!) C++ ... :/

join
   fork
      http.get:"https://gaiasoul.com"
   fork
      http.get:"https://servergardens.com"

I assume everyone reading the above code can instantly understand what it does ...

The above is 5 lines of code. Its C# or Java equivalent would probably require hundreds of lines of code, and at least half a dozen classes, in addition to (consuming) some 25 to 50 different existing classes ... :/

[John Peters]

Not in C#

[Thomas Hansen]

Simply wiring up your HttpClient, ensuring you're disposing your ContentResponse object, and correctly parametrise it would require 10x as many lines of code as the Hyperlambda 5 liner above. Then do it twice (two invocations), add the required boiler plate code for threading, and ensure you wait for the code to return before you move beyond the join invocation, and you're probably looking at a lot more code, at least 10x as much code as the Hyperlambda example, probably even more than that. If you disagree, feel free to prove me wrong. You've got the Hyperlambda code up there - By all means, port it to C# and let's see what produces most code and complexity ...

[Anurag Vohra]

App.runAwesomNoBugApp();

Every one can undertand what it does. Try implementing it in Hyperlambda, which will atleast require 100s of lines of code to implements this Awesome functionality. And hence by your logic it can be deduced Hyperlambda is psychosis.

You showed encapsulated code as an example, so did I.

[Thomas Hansen]

You showed encapsulated code as an example, so did I.

No, I showed three of the fundamental building blocks in Hyperlambda (3 slots), which are similar to "functions" in structure, and how these 3 fundamentals solves an actual problem, being retrieving 2 HTML documents in parallel, and waiting for both documents to download.

[Anurag Vohra]

I have demonstrated a better example of how to run any app with just one line of code. It does all you say and do in just one line.
If reducing number of line is yard stick.

[Thomas Hansen]

Reducing the LOC is always a "yard stick" yes.

[Anurag Vohra]

One of the yard stick yes, but definitely not the most important of all. A sane programmer would and should choose modularity, for a non trivial programm, always over LOC. A few extra lines which gives better extensibility and readability is instead good and promoted as a good programming atticate.

[Sergiy Yevtushenko]

Actually, your code does nothing useful beside generation of useless traffic (result of the operation are ignored) :)

In the Java framework I'm working on, your code will look like this:

import static org.pragmatica.lang.Promise.all;
...
all(
    HttpClient.get("https://gaiasoul.com"),
    HttpClient.get("https://servergardens.com")
);

Wish I have more time to work on this framework...

[Thomas Hansen]

Beautiful, but of course creating libraries that simplifies things is possible in all languages. When I was doing my LOC count, I considered the bare bones implementation using HttpClient from .Net ...

Najs code though :)

Edit;

result of the operation are ignored

I didn't see this one before now, but no, my example does not ignore the result of the operation. That's the purpose of the [join] keyword in Hyperlambda. It waits for the [fork] invocations to finish, and returns the result of the invocations to the caller. To access the content of the first for instance would be as easy as follows.

get-value:x:@join/0/**/content

[Ben Sinclair]

strcpy is a bunch of lines if you don't have it in your standard library. Everything in this example is hiding complexity somewhere, just like all code ever written.

I like "less code" as a principle, but I'll add more SLOC if I think it makes what I'm trying to do clearer:

[Michael Tharrington]

Wow! I find this whole mass pyschosis thing super interesting and really enjoy how you tied this to the fallacy that OOP is infallible.

But yeah, I just had to look more into this mass psychosis thing...

From a wikipedia entry on "List of mass hysteria cases":

According to J. F. Hecker's 1844 book, The Epidemics of the Middle Ages, citing an unnamed medical textbook, a nun who lived in a French convent during an unspecified time in the Middle Ages inexplicably began to meow like a cat, shortly leading the other nuns in the convent to meow as well. Eventually, all of the nuns in the convent would meow together for a certain period, leaving the surrounding community astonished...[8]

[Thomas Hansen]

Thought2 created a YouTube video about it. A must see ;)

[Alex Lohr]

Patterns like OOP can be applied to any problem, regardless if they are a good fit.

Patterns can shape your design decisions for the better or the worse. Use them wisely. Thinking of them as silver bullets is a recipe to shoot your own kneecaps.

Just to construct an example where OOP is a good fit: you have items with a lot of methods. Without OOP, you either need to externalize the methods or create them for every instance, which is bad for performance. With OOP, you can have the methods inherited and can even change them for instances that are already created.

[Rudy Nappée]

There is no silver bullet... OOP and FP are no exclusive. I love FPing on my application code and agree with you on many points, but when I design library or use a 3rd party one I prefer to have well oop-organized packages/modules, class and methods rather than a bunch of functions.

[John Peters]

Then why did even React use inheritance?

The entire .Net framework is OOP as is Java. None of those failed.

This is just a Javascript centric OOP Flame article. Problem is even Javascript supports OOP now.

NPM has messy Javascript code everywhere. It's a virtual garbage dump brought about by what Javascript allows and what people think are best practices.

[Thomas Hansen]

JavaScript has always had OOP, as long back as to the 1990s. It just didn't have class based OOP, but rather prototype OOP.

[Jan Küster]

Which I even prefer over class based oop just to feel great by attaching my standalone function to a class' proto to stay dry but don't mess with inheritance.

And npm itself has no influence on Js as a language. Same issues can happen in other language registries too.

[Thomas Hansen]

attaching my standalone function to a class' proto to stay dry but don't mess with inheritance

Very good point about dynamic features yes ... :)

[John Peters]

It's prototype OOP was sucky, still is.

[Thomas Hansen]

All OOP is bad, but the ability to dynamically attach functions to an object has its use cases.

[John Peters]

True. All OOP Is not bad, just your opinion

[peerreynders]

Then why did even React use inheritance?

It didn't

// React 0.14.7 early 2016
var Example = React.createClass({
  render: function () {
    return (
      <div>
        <span>Hello</span>
        <span>World</span>
      </div>
    );
  },
});

React.createClass(): "Create a component given a specification."

Component Specifications: "When creating a component class by invoking React.createClass(), you should provide a specification object that contains a render method and can optionally contain other lifecycle methods described here."

Clearly the React team wasn't immune to fashion influences as that factory function would have been more appropriately called React.createComponent() especially as for all intents and purposes the component instance's this.props and this.state were owned and managed by React - not the object instance itself as one would expect with standard class-based object orientation.

This style was advocated by Douglas Crockford as class-free object orientation at least as far back as 2008 (JavaScript the Good Parts).

The component specification simply contained what was unique about that particular component.

It was the later alignment with the ES2015 class template for creating objects that brought in extends React.Component.

[John Peters]

For years this was common dude or are you too new?

class Car extends React.Component {

render() {

return

Hi, I am a Car!

;

}

}

[John Peters]

He's acting as if there's no IL generation. He doesn't get that we can do all of the example in one line of code. Nobody cares what IL generates. We're using 5 core GHZ processors now.

[Jakob Christensen]

LINQ is great and it is in fact a functional paradigm. The same goes for the fairly new C# record types and switch statements. C# has been adding more and more functional capabilities.

LINQ is a great example of what @polterguy means when he says that programming is about input -> verb -> output.

The LINQ function SelectMany is usually called flatMap or collect in the FP world and it is a part of the defition of monads. So collections in C# can behave in a "monad-ish" way in C# with the addition of LINQ.

[Thomas Hansen]

And we didn't even mention Action and Func yet ... ;)

[peerreynders]

That's not the only angle.

Data-Oriented Design (Or Why You Might Be Shooting Yourself in The Foot With OOP) (2009).

Why?

Data-Oriented Design: What's wrong? — Mapping the problem:
"Object-oriented development is good at providing a human oriented representation of the problem in the source code but bad at providing a machine representation of the solution. It is bad at providing a framework for creating an optimal solution, …"

Which ultimately lead to the development of the Entities, Components, Systems (ECS) architecture.

"The most amazing achievement of the computer software industry is its continuing cancellation of the steady and staggering gains made by the computer hardware industry."
— Henry Petroski

The processor-memory performance gap (especially on commodity hardware) forced certain segments of the video games industry to abandon OOP.

This lead Unity to develop their "Data-Oriented Technology Stack" (DOTS) which introduced a C# dialect—"High Performance C#" (HPC#).

[Thomas Hansen]

Brilliant walk through, thx mate :)

[Fyodor]

LISP
GoLang (yup, no OO here)

Wait, doesn’t Go use structs which combine behavior and data?

Totally agree with the opinion btw 👍

[Thomas Hansen]

Yes, but as I've understood it (I'm no GoLang expert), it's about as far way from OO you can come today without being "bullied our of the room" ... ;)

Speaking up against OO is difficult today unfortunately - It's kind of like speaking up against the Pope back in the 1500s ... :/

[Kelly]

OOP is just one of MANY paradigms that you can apply, there is no hard set rule on when or where to apply, as always it depends on your context. You write your opinions about OOP as if they broke up with you!

[Thomas Hansen]

You write your opinions about OOP as if they broke up with you!

Hahaha, kind of ... ^_^

[Thorsten Hirsch]

Thomas, it looks like your recommendation of programming languages is based on the lack of OOP rather than the functional features. Would you recommend against mixing both paradigms? I actually don't see a problem in it as long as one keeps the OOP very lightweight.

[Thomas Hansen]

I guess I'm just trying to balance the debate here. I'm not "against" OO, I just believe one should be a bit cautious with it. The principles of SOLID, DDD and (overusing) design patterns, rapidly results in a code base nightmare, impossible to navigate or maintain ...

[Thomas Hansen]

when someone says "OOP" you can generally assume a red flag of them using classes

Few realise this, but it's perfectly possible to use C# as a partial functional programming language. Yes indeed, my rant was more about the style of programming people use, than languages themselves. Every time somebody spells out SOLID for instance, I swear a fairy dies unless you rapidly clap your hands or something ... :/

As an interesting peculiarity, I wrote Hyperlambda (a 100% functional programming language) in C# (an OO language), using most best practices from OO, and even providing dynamic bindings towards C# classes and types ...

[Bobby Plunkett]

I've seen both sides of the argument, and also have seen public opinion filp-flop between sides over the years (seems to cycle).

OOP and FP have their own sets of pros and cons. Some may be better suited for certain projects, architectures, or even developers personal preferences.

But to me, FP is not better than OOP, or vice versa. They serve a purpose, and it's the developers job to chose the one that suites their purpose best.

[zakwillis]

First caveat. I took a look at hyperlambda - it looks interesting.

It isn't about whether OOP is right or not. Instead it is about getting to the bottom of what the job needing to be done is. I read Plato's Cave way back, and without rereading it, believe it pretty much maps out OOP over 2000 years ago. This doesn't mean it makes OOP valid today, but modelling out instances or classes topologically makes some sense. Whether it is optimal or could be misused is a different question altogether.

In no way, is this stating that OOP is the right way to go - I don't do it, but if people do a bit of inheritance, it can make sense.

Where you mention thousands of classes - well, it does make sense to break things down to smaller chunks, logical units of work. A lot of the code is boilerplate and offers granularity. Would a project with thousands of classes make sense? Doubtful.

Your point on encapsulation - well, that is more of an expression of intent? How much should one open up the functionality? Aren't functional calls a product of encapsulation? Hyperlambda appears to be a declarative language which has to be a product of encapsulation?

[Thomas Hansen]

The problem with OO encapsulation is that it becomes much more difficult to create your code because you start out with something that's intrinsically a verb, and you then have to apply a subject to it. Before you do, you need to group your verbs together in logical entities belonging to each other to create a subject that makes sense. In an FP everything becomes simpler because you can just do.

do(data);

No grouping of similar verbs, which always is bound to fail BTW because of our incapacity to predict future change. FP has fever "opportunities" for over engineering, because it follows the natural path of our thinking. It's intrinsically "simpler" in structure.

I took a look at hyperlambda - it looks interesting

Thank you :)

[tnypxl]

You can write heinously bad code in any language and with any design pattern. There is no approach or pattern that saves you from bad code.

[Thomas Hansen]

Yes, but the general rule of thumb that seems to be valid "all over the place" is KISS, as in Keep It Stupid Simple - And if you follow KISS, it's much less likely going to produce bad code. OO is fundamentally incompatible with KISS. You're writing code for human beings, the fact that it compiles is just "a lucky side effect" one could argue. The simpler your code is, the more easily understood it is. OO results in complex code, FP results in simple code ...

[tnypxl]

Every word in this reply is wrong and I am embarrassed I didn’t catch it sooner.

But I’ll reiterate, FP isn’t going to save you from bad code by being inherently simple. For every statement that says it does, you can probably find 10 repos that use FP with hilariously bad results.

It’s never the language or the style, it’s always the person using it.

[Manuel Odendahl]

I'm not sure what the point of this article is besides being inflammatory. I am both a heavy user of functional programming and more traditional OOP languages.

My definition of OOP

There are many paradigms that get grouped under the name "OOP".

I think of OOP as:

• "groups of method names are given a name",
• "code that works on the same data can be reused", and
• "groups of methods are kept close to the data they manipulate".

None of these are inherently bad, and they surface in different forms in functional programming languages too.

Task join/fork example in C++

You give the example of

join
   fork
      http.get:"https://gaiasoul.com"
   fork
      http.get:"https://servergardens.com"

In a C++ framework I wrote (and I tend to be on the heavy-handed verbose side of the spectrum), I would write:

const auto ret = Tasks::join(
   m_Factories.HTTP->GET("https//gaiasoul.com"),
   m_Factories.HTTP->GET("https://servergardens.com")
).Start();

If I wanted to push it, I could easily boil it down to

const auto get = [&](const string &s) { return m_Factories.HTTP->GET(s); };
const auto ret = join(
    get("https//gaiasoul.com"), 
    get("https://servergardens.com")
).start();

which compiles to the exact same memory layout and binary code.

Because my HTTP factory implements an abstract virtual class, I can easily swap out different factories, say if I am running unit tests or decide to replace HTTP calls with some local IPC. I also get a concrete task object that I can pass around and introspect / monitor / listen to / cancel.

You might say that http.get : fun string -> bytes is more elegant than

class I_HTTPFactory {
public:
   virtual Task<bytes> GET(string s) = 0;
}

but it is missing the point.

The value is that I get a clearly documented, easily extendable data structure that encapsulate what is needed to create thunks that ultimately return bytes. I can look at the class of my HTTPFactory instance and easily see that it contains say, a TLS certificate. I can also add a POST method, and make it obvious that both GET and POST belong together and reuse some of the same code and data.

These things are more opaque in a functional context.

Which is the best? None, they both work just fine.

OOP the strawman

Since you don't provide a concrete OOP API other than bringing up the strawman of needed an OutputFactoryMarshalerFactory to print out a single line of output, it is hard not to assume that you are arguing in bad faith. I can write

while (true) {
   println("I'M COOL");
}

just as well. Bringing up LISP (all caps?), while Common Lisp has probably the most expansive approach to OOP of all the languages I know, strikes me as a bit odd as well.

Using C++ as an example, which is probably the language that I most often use to write what could be called "traditional OO", a class without virtual methods is arguably just a shortcut for a series of functions that take the same data structure as first argument. Once you introduce virtual dispatch, a class is just a way to combine a virtual dispatch mechanism with a data structure, give that group of dispatched functions a name, and make reuse easier. That's very similar to what many languages call "traits", arguably less flexible, but flexibility can often be a bad thing (say, if working in a big team with different skill-levels).

Data+Code centric patterns are useful

There's value in taking a data centric approach, especially in more resource constrained environments. I wouldn't know easily how much memory is allocated, when, where, by whom, and who owns it. In my C++, I know that I have 1 instance of Task_Join, 2 instances of Task_HTTPGet, and I can go look up the class to see that Task_Join keeps two pointers, and Task_HTTPGet a byte buffer, a state variable and a file descriptor. I know when they are created, I know when they are freed.

That data-centric OOP style might be less flexible than function-centric code when composing functions, but it's much simpler in many other regards. As with all code, it's about tradeoffs.

[Thomas Hansen]

In a C++ framework I wrote (and I tend to be on the heavy-handed verbose side of the spectrum), I would write

Interestingly, the following code snippet you provided ...

const auto ret = Tasks::join(
   m_Factories.HTTP->GET("https//gaiasoul.com"),
   m_Factories.HTTP->GET("https://servergardens.com")
).Start();

... is arguably more in the style of FP than in the style of OO. However, you didn't provide the creation of your m_Factories instance, you didn't provide the wiring of your IoC container (assuming it was somehow dependency injected), etc. But nice code - You're obviously skilled :)

[Thomas Hansen]

Thx for the snippet. It took me a couple of days to realise I don't need to prove anything at all, since your C++ example basically is all the proof I needed ...

[jafar-it]

I disagree with your stand. The concept you list are not inherently flawed but become one due to people taking them to a next level.
Mapping data with function is not necessarily bad if you think in the sense of Object.