What is "this" in javascript

In this post we will explore what this keyword refers under various conditions and there by understand the keyword and how it works in javascript.

The this keyword can point to

• The object when referenced within the obejcts method.
• The window object - when referenced within a function.
• The instance of the object when the new keyword is used.
• The object when arrow function is used`

this within method of an object - no arrow function

```javascript
const obj = {
    name: "obj",
    printName() {
        console.log(this.name);
    },
    printObj() {
        console.log(this);
    }
}
obj.printName(); // obj
obj.printObj(); // {name: "obj", printName: ƒ, printObj: ƒ}
```

this within method of an object - arrow function

The value of this in an arrow function is always the value of this in the parent non arrow function.

```javascript
const obj = {
    name: "obj",
    printObj: () => {
        console.log(this); // this refers to the window
    }
}
obj.printObj() // Window {window: Window, self: Window, document: document, name: "", location: Location, …}
```

this within function body

```javascript
function greet() {
    console.log(this);  
}
greet(); // Window {window: Window, self: Window, document: document, name: "", location: Location, …}
```

this when new keyword is used

```javascript
function Game(inTitle) {
    this.title = inTitle;
    console.log(this); // Game {title: "pong"}
}

const game = new Game("pong");
```

this within callback in a method of an object - no arrow function

```javascript
const fruits = {
    name: "fruits",
    fruits: ["apple", "mango", "banana"],
    printFruits() {
        console.log(this); // {name: "fruits", fruits: Array(3), printFruits: ƒ}
        this.fruits.forEach(function(fruit) {
            console.log(this); // Window {window: Window, self: Window, document: document, name: "", location: Location, …} * 3 times
        })
    }
}

fruits.printFruits();
```

this within callback in a method of an object - arrow function

```javascript
const fruits = {
    name: "fruits",
    fruits: ["apple", "mango", "banana"],
    printFruits() {
        console.log(this); // {name: "fruits", fruits: Array(3), printFruits: ƒ}
        this.fruits.forEach((fruit) => {
            console.log(this); // {name: "fruits", fruits: Array(3), printFruits: ƒ} * 3 times
        })
    }
}

fruits.printFruits();
```