Testing HttpClient in .NET without Moq or NSubstitute

When you’re building .NET applications that interact with external APIs, writing reliable unit tests for your HTTP clients can feel like threading a needle. Most developers reach for mocking frameworks like Moq or NSubstitute to simulate HTTP responses. But what if I told you there’s a cleaner, more deterministic way to test your HTTP clients without relying on any mocking libraries?

In this post, I’ll walk you through how to unit test HTTP clients in .NET using built-in tools only. We’ll build a simple client, make it testable, and write robust tests using HttpMessageHandler and HttpClient without any mocking frameworks.

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