String Manipulation in Python

What is String?

• A String is a sequence of characters (letters, numbers, symbols) written together as text.

1) Accessing Characters in a String

name = "Sasi"

print(name[0])  # First character
print(name[1])  # Second character
print(name[-1])  # Last character
print(name[-2])  # Second last

Output:

2) Convert String to Uppercase

name = "sasi"

result = name.upper()
print(result)

Output:

3) Convert String to Lowercase

name = "SASI"

result = name.lower()
print(result)

Output

4) Convert First and Last Character to Uppercase

name = "sasi"

result = name[0].upper() + name[1:-1] + name[-1].upper()
print(result)

Output:

5) Convert Middle Character to Uppercase

name = "sasireka"

mid = len(name) // 2   # find middle index

result = name[:mid] + name[mid].upper() + name[mid+1:]

print(result)

Explanation:

• len(name) = 8

• mid = 8 // 2 = 4

• Middle character → name[4] = 'r'

• Convert 'r' → 'R'

• name[:mid] → "sasi"

• name[mid].upper() → "R"

• name[mid+1:] → "eka"

Output:

6) Convert First, Middle and Last Character to Uppercase

name = "sasireka"

mid = len(name) // 2   

result = (name[0].upper() +  name[1:mid] +  name[mid].upper() +  name[mid+1:-1] +  name[-1].upper())

print(result)

Explanation:

• len(name) = 8

• mid = 8 // 2 = 4

• First character → name[0] = 's'

• Middle character → name[4] = 'r'

• Last character → name[7] = 'a'

• Convert:

  's' → 'S'
  'r' → 'R'
  'a' → 'A'

• name[0].upper() → "S"

• name[1:mid] → "asi"

• name[mid].upper() → "R"

• name[mid+1:-1] → "ek"

• name[-1].upper() → "A"

Output: