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shashank ms
shashank ms

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LLM Research Papers: A Comprehensive Overview

Last month I needed to review twenty LLM papers for a literature survey and found myself copy-pasting abstracts into chat tabs. I built a small Python agent that fetches an arXiv paper and returns a structured technical digest in under five seconds. If you need to triage papers quickly, this tool will save you hours.

What you'll need

  • Python 3.10 or newer
  • The OpenAI SDK: pip install openai
  • The requests library: pip install requests
  • An Oxlo.ai API key from https://portal.oxlo.ai
  • A free arXiv ID to test with, such as 2404.19756

Step 1: Fetch paper metadata from arXiv

We start by pulling the title and abstract from arXiv's public API. I use requests and ElementTree to avoid heavy dependencies.

import sys
import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def fetch_arxiv(arxiv_id: str) -> dict:
    url = f"http://export.arxiv.org/api/query?id_list={arxiv_id}"
    resp = requests.get(url, timeout=15)
    resp.raise_for_status()
    
    root = ET.fromstring(resp.text)
    ns = {"atom": "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"}
    entry = root.find("atom:entry", ns)
    
    title = entry.find("atom:title", ns).text.strip()
    summary = entry.find("atom:summary", ns).text.strip()
    return {"title": title, "abstract": summary}

paper_id = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "2404.19756"
paper = fetch_arxiv(paper_id)
print(f"Fetched: {paper['title']}")

Step 2: Define the analysis system prompt

The agent needs explicit instructions to output structured JSON. I keep the schema strict so downstream scripts can consume it reliably.

SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are a senior ML research assistant. 
Analyze the provided paper title and abstract. 
Respond ONLY with a JSON object containing:
- summary: a 2-sentence technical overview
- key_contributions: a list of 3 bullet strings
- limitations: a list of 2 bullet strings
- relevance_score: an integer from 1 to 10 for an MLOps engineer
Be concise, specific, and avoid marketing language."""

Step 3: Send the paper to Oxlo.ai for structured analysis

I use Oxlo.ai because its request-based pricing means I can stuff the full abstract plus a long system prompt into a single call without watching token meters spin. The endpoint is a drop-in replacement for the OpenAI SDK.

import json
import os
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(
    base_url="https://api.oxlo.ai/v1",
    api_key=os.environ.get("OXLO_API_KEY", "YOUR_OXLO_API_KEY"),
)

user_message = f"Title: {paper['title']}\n\nAbstract: {paper['abstract']}"

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="kimi-k2.6",
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
        {"role": "user", "content": user_message},
    ],
    response_format={"type": "json_object"},
    temperature=0.2,
)

raw_json = response.choices[0].message.content
analysis = json.loads(raw_json)

Step 4: Render the digest

Finally, we pretty-print the JSON so the terminal output is readable during a morning stand-up or literature review session.

def render_digest(paper: dict, analysis: dict):
    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
    print(f"Paper: {paper['title']}")
    print(f"{'='*60}")
    print(f"\nSummary:\n{analysis['summary']}")
    print(f"\nKey Contributions:")
    for item in analysis['key_contributions']:
        print(f"  - {item}")
    print(f"\nLimitations:")
    for item in analysis['limitations']:
        print(f"  - {item}")
    print(f"\nRelevance Score: {analysis['relevance_score']}/10")
    print(f"{'='*60}\n")

render_digest(paper, analysis)

Run it

Export your key and run the script against any arXiv ID.

export OXLO_API_KEY="sk-oxlo.ai-..."
python digest.py 2404.19756

Example output:

============================================================
Paper: The Llama 3 Herd of Models
============================================================

Summary:
Llama 3 is a new family of foundation models scaling up to 405B parameters trained on over 15 trillion tokens. The paper details data filtering, scaling laws, and post-training recipes that significantly improve reasoning and coding benchmarks.

Key Contributions:
  - Release of a 405B dense transformer trained with a novel scaling law recipe
  - Comprehensive safety training and red-teaming methodology
  - Open weights and evaluation pipeline for reproducibility

Limitations:
  - Dense 405B model requires substantial inference infrastructure
  - Evaluation focuses on English-centric benchmarks

Relevance Score: 9/10
============================================================

Wrap-up and next steps

This agent turns a stack of arXiv IDs into a structured reading list in minutes. Two concrete ways to extend it: first, wire the script to a CSV export from Google Scholar and batch-process fifty papers overnight, since Oxlo.ai's flat per-request pricing keeps costs predictable even when you feed in long abstracts. Second, add a second pass with deepseek-r1-671b to generate implementation notes or reproduce a paper's core algorithm in Python.

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