ES5 = ECMAScript 5

What is ECMAScript?

ECMAScript is the standard specification on which JavaScript is based. It is developed by ECMA International, and the goal is to standardize the language.

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ECMAScript 5 (ES5) Details:

Feature	Description
Full Name	ECMAScript 5 (5th Edition)
Released Year	December 2009
Standard Number	ECMA-262, 5th Edition
Main Goal	Add new features, improve security, and better language support

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Key Features Introduced in ES5:

• use strict mode
• Array methods: forEach(), map(), filter(), reduce()
• Object.defineProperty()
• JSON.parse() and JSON.stringify()
• Better property access control
• Safer coding practices

Example:

javascript
"use strict";  // ES5 feature

var nums = [1, 2, 3];
var doubled = nums.map(function(n) {
  return n * 2;
});
console.log(doubled);  // [2, 4, 6]