C : Programming Fundamentals

1. Programming language
2. Purpose
3. What is a program
4. EDP (Electronic data processing)
5. CPU components
6. What is Software?

Programming language:-
The computer understands binary/machine/assembly language i.e. in the form of 0's and 1n's.
for example: printf("Hello"); will be 01010111110000100 in binary form

Purpose / Why use programming language?
The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate the performance of a task (which can be as complex as an operating system) on a computer, often for solving a given problem. Also, The programing language enables us to write efficient programs and develop online solutions such as mobile applications, web applications, and games, etc. Programming is used to automate, maintain, assemble, measure and interpret the processing of the data and information.

What is a program?
A program is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform. Also, a computer program is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform a specific task. A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language.

EDP (Electronic data processing):-
It is a modern technique to process data. The data is processed through the computer. Data and a set of instructions are given to the computer as input and the computer automatically processes the data according to the given set of instructions.

CPU components:-

1. MU or Memory Unit:-
   -this unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies information to other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as the internal storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory (RAM).
   -speed, power, and capability are affected by its size.

2. Control Unit:-
   -responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer or manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
   -It does not process or store data.

3. ALU or Arithmetic logic Unit:-
   -two parts: 1. Arithmetic Section 2. Logic Section
   -Arithmetic Section is responsible for arithmetic operations.
   -Logic Section is responsible for logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and merging of data.

What is Software?
-Software is a collection of instructions and data that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.
-For example calculate software holds programs to perform operations such as addition, subtraction and so on.