A fraudulent order that turns into a chargeback counts twice against your Visa VAMP ratio: once for the issuer's TC40 fraud report and once for the TC15 dispute. Since 1 April 2026 the Excessive line for merchants in Europe, the US, Canada and Asia Pacific has been 150 basis points, and a merchant over it pays USD 8 per counted event.
Some pages ranking for "VAMP ratio" still quote Visa's October 2024 draft: acquirer levels of 30 and 50 bps, a merchant threshold falling to 90 bps, a 1,000-event floor and USD 10 fees. Visa replaced all of that in May 2025. At least one widely read guide also defines the TC15 side as "non-fraud disputes", which was true under the old programme and is wrong now. The figures below come from Visa's VAMP fact sheet, the Visa Core Rules edition of 24 October 2026, and acquirer and PSP documentation from Stripe, Adyen, Checkout.com and Antom, all checked on 2 November 2026.
What Is Visa VAMP and What Did It Replace?
The Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program launched on 1 April 2025. It replaced the Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP) and the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP), which tracked disputes and fraud separately with different thresholds. VAMP folds both into one ratio and, as the name says, aims it at the acquirer first. Visa identifies and bills the acquirer, and the acquirer decides how much to pass down to you.
The rollout came in stages:
| Date | Change |
|---|---|
| 1 April 2025 | VAMP launches, VDMP and VFMP retired |
| 1 June 2025 | Thresholds apply; acquirers notified of breaches |
| 30 September 2025 | Advisory period ends |
| 1 October 2025 | Fees start |
| 1 January 2026 | Acquirer "Above Standard" tier starts |
| 1 April 2026 | Merchant Excessive threshold cut from 220 to 150 bps (pushed back from 1 January) |
The detailed thresholds and fee tables live in the Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program Guide, which is not public (Core Rules ID# 0029286). Everything public is the May 2025 fact sheet plus what acquirers and PSPs have chosen to publish, which is why the secondary pages disagree so much.
How Is the VAMP Ratio Calculated?
Visa's formula, from the fact sheet:
VAMP ratio = count(TC40 fraud reports + TC15 disputes)
/ count(TC05 settled transactions)
scope: card-not-present only, domestic and cross-border
Read the full article on tomcn.uk →
About the Author
I'm Tom Wang, an AI Developer & Fintech Developer — building AI agents, crypto payment infrastructure, and cross-border payout systems with Rust, Go, and TypeScript. Based in London, UK.
Currently open to new opportunities in fintech, crypto payments, and AI agent engineering.
Top comments (1)
the TC40-plus-TC15 double-count is the part most summaries flatten: one fraudulent order can generate both a fraud report and a dispute against the same settled transaction, so a merchant tracking disputes alone can sit under their mental threshold while the counted ratio sits over it. the 150 bps cut landing in april 2026 after being pushed back from january is worth the emphasis too, since acquirers budgeting off the january date would have sized their remediation windows wrong. and the point about stale october 2024 draft figures still outranking the fact sheet is quietly the biggest operational risk in the piece.