Clean Architecture

What is Clean Architecture?

Clean Architecture is a software design philosophy introduced by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). It provides a way to structure code so that it is maintainable, scalable, and testable. It emphasizes separation of concerns by organizing software into layers, ensuring that business logic remains independent of frameworks, UI, and external dependencies.

Key Layers in Clean Architecture

1. Entities (Domain Layer)

• Contains core business rules and logic.
• Independent of external frameworks and UI.

2. Use Cases (Application Layer)

• Contains application-specific business rules.
• Coordinates between the domain and external layers.

3. Interface Adapters (Presentation Layer)

• Handles input/output, including UI, APIs, or CLI.
• Translates data between use cases and external sources.

4. Frameworks & Drivers (Infrastructure Layer)

• Deals with external dependencies like databases, web frameworks, and APIs.
• Should be easily replaceable without affecting core logic.

Why Do We Need Clean Architecture?

1. Separation of Concerns

Each layer has a clear role, making the code easier to understand.

2. Easier Testing

Business logic is isolated from frameworks, making unit testing more effective.

3. Flexibility & Maintainability

Changes in UI, databases, or frameworks don’t affect core logic.

4. Scalability

The structure allows for easy expansion without major refactoring.

5. Improved Code Quality

Encourages best practices, reducing technical debt over time.

Would you like an example to better understand how it works in a real application?