TL;DR
RJ45 — cheap, dense, easy to terminate, IP20 (or IP67 in a sealed housing). Great inside cabinets.
M12 — circular, screw-locked, IP67/68/69K, vibration-proof. Great on exposed machines / robotics.
M12 D-code = 4-pin, 100 Mbps. M12 X-code = 8-pin, 1G–10G.
Middle path: sealed IP67 RJ45 — ingress protection + RJ45 ecosystem/cost/density.
Rule: in a cabinet → RJ45. Washdown / heavy vibration / standard mandates it → M12. Outdoor-ish but cost-sensitive → sealed RJ45.
What do you default to on moving axes — X-code M12 or sealed RJ45? Full guide → [link]
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