Getting started with Django 3.0 part 2

In this tutorial we will create our first application.
Let’s look at what startproject created:
├── manage.py
├── phonebook
│ ├── asgi.py
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
├── Pipfile
└── Pipfile.lock

These files are:

• The outer phonebook/ root directory is just a container for your project. Its name doesn’t matter to Django; you can rename it to anything you like.
• manage.py: A command-line utility that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways. You can read all the details about manage.py in django-admin and manage.py.
• The inner phonebook/ directory is the actual Python package for your project. Its name is the Python package name you’ll need to use to import anything inside it (e.g. phonebook.urls).
• phonebook/init.py: An empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package. If you’re a Python beginner, read more about packages in the official Python docs.
• phonebook/settings.py: Settings/configuration for this Django project. Django settings will tell you all about how settings work.
• phonebook/urls.py: The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django-powered site. You can read more about URLs in URL dispatcher.
• phonebook/wsgi.py: An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with WSGI for more details.

Contact application

In order to create our first application we need to run :

(my-env) $ python manage.py startapp contact

Our application looks like this

├── contact
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── apps.py
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── migrations
│ │ └── init.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
├── phonebook
│ ├── asgi.py
│ ├── init.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
├── Pipfile
└── Pipfile.lock

we will explain later the details of files.
Don't forget to add contact to your settings :

INSTALLED_APPS = [
   'django.contrib.admin',
   'django.contrib.auth',
   'django.contrib.contenttypes',
   'django.contrib.sessions',
   'django.contrib.messages',
   'django.contrib.staticfiles',
   'contact' # add this
]

Now inside contact folder let's create our database schema, every contact we need to save :

-First Name
-Last Name
-Email
-Phone Number
-The use who created it
-And the timestamp

Open models.py and write :

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# Create your models here.


class Contact(models.Model):
   first_name = models.CharField(max_length=150)
   last_name = models.CharField(max_length=150)
   phone = models.CharField(max_length=150)
   email = models.CharField(max_length=150, blank=True)
   created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
   created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

   def __str__(self):
       return self.phone

Here we import the User table from django.contrib and create a Python class, this represent our database schema.
By convention we use underscore (_) to separate words.
Before going any further we need to migrate our database.
In your terminal stop the server and run :

(my-env) $ python manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'contact':
 contact/migrations/0001_initial.py
   - Create model Contact

(my-env) $ python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:
 Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contact, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
 Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
 Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
 Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
 Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
 Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
 Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
 Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
 Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
 Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
 Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
 Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
 Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
 Applying contact.0001_initial... OK
 Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Let's create a superuser:

(my-env) $ python manage.py createsuperuser

Username (leave blank to use 'hackerpro'): admin
Email address: [e-mail]
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

Open your browser and go to http://localhost:8000/admin
What you see ?
Now we need to add our contact application to the admin.
Open admin.py file and write :

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Contact
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Contact)

See you in the next tutorial