As a web developer, understanding and utilizing key Web APIs can greatly enhance the functionality and user experience of your applications.
Here are 12 essential Web APIs that you should know:
1. Storage API
The Web Storage API provides two key storage mechanisms for handling data directly in the browser. localStorage and sessionStorage. Both are used to store data in the form of key-value pairs, which are like labels (keys) and their associated data (values).
- localStorage:
localStorage stores data that should persist even after the browser is closed and reopened. This means the data stays there until you explicitly delete it, making it useful for saving user preferences, login states, or other settings that you want to retain across sessions.
- sessionStorage:
sessionStorage is for storing data only for the duration of a page session. This means the data is available as long as the browser tab or window is open. Once you close the tab or window, the data is cleared.
- IndexedDB:
IndexedDB is a low-level API for storing significant amounts of structured data, such as objects and large datasets, directly in the browser.
Ideal for complex applications requiring offline storage, such as large-scale apps or offline-enabled features. It allows for efficient querying and indexing of data.
- Cookie Store API:
The Cookie Store API is a modern interface for managing cookies in a more structured and convenient way compared to traditional cookie handling.
Useful for handling small amounts of data that need to be sent back to the server with each HTTP request, like session tokens or user preferences.
2. Payment Request API
The Payment Request API provides a standardized way for web applications to request and process payments from users, making online payments faster and more user-friendly.
Key features includes simplifying checkout, providing a native payment interface and handling secure payment flow.
- Example Use Case:
A user shopping online reaches the checkout page. Instead of entering card details manually, the API allows the user to select a payment method from their saved payment history simplifying the payment process.
3. DOM API
The DOM API provides a way to programmatically access and modify the elements, attributes, and content of a web page. It represents the web page as a tree of objects, where each object corresponds to a part of the page (like elements, text, and attributes).
- Commonly used methods and properties:
document.getElementById(id): Retrieves an element by its unique ID.
document.querySelector(selector): Selects the first element that matches a CSS selector.
element.innerHTML: Gets or sets the HTML content inside an element.
In summary, the DOM API enables developers to interact with and manipulate the content and structure of web pages dynamically, enhancing the interactivity and functionality of websites.
4. HTML Sanitizer API
The HTML Sanitizer API is a web standard designed to safely handle and clean user-generated HTML content before it's displayed on a web page. Its primary goal is to prevent security vulnerabilities, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, by ensuring that any potentially harmful code is removed or neutralized.
Customizable rules, Automatic Sanitization and preventing malicious code from being executed are some key features of the Sanitizer API.
5. Canvas API
The Canvas API lets you create graphics and animations dynamically on a web page. You use it to draw and modify visual content like lines, shapes, and images in real-time.
It is a part of HTML5 that allows you to draw and manipulate graphics directly on a web page using JavaScript. Think of it as a blank sheet of paper where you can draw shapes, text, and images.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Canvas Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="500" height="300" style="border:1px solid #000000;"></canvas>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
6. History API
The History API is a set of methods in JavaScript that allows you to manipulate the browser's history and URL without reloading the page. It's useful for creating single-page applications (SPAs) where you want to update the URL and handle navigation without refreshing the whole page.
-
Javascript methods:
pushState(): Adds a new entry to the browser history with a new URL.replaceState(): Updates the current history entry with a new URL.popstateEvent: Lets you handle changes to the history state, such as when users navigate using back/forward buttons.
The History API helps in creating smooth, dynamic web applications by allowing you to manage navigation and URL changes without page reloads, enhancing the user experience.
7. Clipboard API:
The Clipboard API is a JavaScript interface that allows web applications to interact with the clipboard, the temporary storage area for copying and pasting data. It makes it easier to programmatically copy text to the clipboard and read text from it.
The Clipboard API simplifies working with clipboard operations, making it easy to integrate copy-and-paste functionality into your web applications.
- Copying text to the clipboard:
You can use the Clipboard API to copy text to the clipboard. This is useful for creating features like "Copy to Clipboard" buttons.
- Reading text from the clipboard:
Similarly, you can read text that a user has copied to the clipboard. This can be used for pasting content into a web application.
8. Fullscreen API:
The Fullscreen API is a web development tool that enables elements on your webpage to occupy the entire screen, making it perfect for immersive experiences like games, video players, or data visualizations.
It helps expand a specific element(sometimes an entire page) to fill the user's screen, also hiding the browser UI elements and offering a more engaging experience.
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Javascript Methods:
Mostly used APIs for full-screen view are
document.exitFullscreen,document.webkitExitFullscreen
9. FormData API:
When you are building web apps, it's important to handle form data effectively. The FormData API gives you a strong and flexible way to work with form data in your code. Whether you are collecting user input, sending it to a server, or changing it before submission.
The FormData API allows you to easily **construct key/value pairs **representing form fields and their values. This data can be sent using the fetch API.
Easy form Handling, flexibility and powerful integration(fetch API) are some reasons to consider using FormData API.
10. Fetch API:
The Fetch API is a modern JavaScript interface that simplifies sending HTTP requests and handling responses, offering a cleaner and more powerful alternative to older methods like XMLHttpRequest.
fetch(url, options)
.then(response => response.json()) // or response.text(), response.blob(), etc.
.then(data => console.log(data))
.catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));
fetching data: Receiving data from an API and processing the response.
Sending data: Post data to a server
-Handling form data: Submit forms with FormData API with fetch API.
fetch API using promise-based simplifies working with asynchronous operations. Whether you're retrieving data, sending forms, or streaming content, use fetch for flexibility and ease of use.
11. Geolocation API:
The Geolocation API provides methods to get the geographical position of a user’s device. It is built into most modern web browsers and works on both desktop and mobile devices.
This can be useful for providing local weather or even updating your feed to show nearby restaurants, parks and much more.
By retrieving location we get the user's longitude, latitude, altitude and more.
We can also watch real-time locations as they move.
- Javascript Methods:
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition() - To get the user's current geographical location.
navigator.geolocation.watchPosition() - To continuously track the user's location whenever the user's position changes.
Mastering these APIs will elevate your web development skills, allowing you to create more interactive, efficient, and user-friendly applications.
What other APIs should developers be aware of? Don't forget to comment below.
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