OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that organizes code into reusable and self-contained objects that interact with each other to perform tasks and solve problems. In OOP, objects are instances of classes, which define their properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods).
The key concepts of OOP are:
Encapsulation: It refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, i.e., a class. Encapsulation provides data hiding and abstraction, allowing objects to interact with each other through well-defined interfaces.
Inheritance: It allows classes to inherit properties and behaviors from other classes, forming a hierarchy of classes. Inheritance promotes code reusability and enables the creation of specialized classes based on existing ones.
Polymorphism: It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. Polymorphism enables the use of a single interface to represent multiple implementations, providing flexibility and extensibility.
Abstraction: It focuses on representing the essential features of an object while hiding unnecessary details. Abstraction allows developers to create simplified models of complex systems and deal with higher-level concepts.
Modularity: It emphasizes dividing a program into smaller, manageable, and independent modules or classes. Modularity promotes code organization, maintainability, and reusability.
OOP provides several benefits, including code reusability, modularity, extensibility, and easier maintenance. It allows for a more intuitive and structured approach to software development by modeling real-world entities and their interactions. Common programming languages that support OOP include Java, C++, Python, and Ruby.
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