Understanding JavaScript Operators: A Complete Guide with Examples

### Operators in JavaScript

Operators in JavaScript are special symbols used to perform operations on values and variables. These operations can involve arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, and other actions. Understanding operators is essential for performing basic calculations, comparisons, and controlling the flow of your code.

JavaScript supports a wide variety of operators, and they are categorized into the following types:

---

### 1. **Arithmetic Operators**
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations on numbers.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	5 + 3 → 8
-	Subtraction	5 - 3 → 2
*	Multiplication	5 * 3 → 15
/	Division	5 / 3 → 1.666...
%	Modulus (Remainder)	5 % 3 → 2
**	Exponentiation	5 ** 2 → 25

Example:

let a = 10;
let b = 2;
console.log(a + b);  // Output: 12
console.log(a - b);  // Output: 8
console.log(a * b);  // Output: 20
console.log(a / b);  // Output: 5
console.log(a % b);  // Output: 0
console.log(a ** b); // Output: 100

---

**

2. Assignment Operators**

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign value	x = 5
+=	Add and assign	x += 3 → x = x + 3
-=	Subtract and assign	x -= 2 → x = x - 2
*=	Multiply and assign	x *= 4 → x = x * 4
/=	Divide and assign	x /= 2 → x = x / 2
%=	Modulus and assign	x %= 3 → x = x % 3
**=	Exponentiation and assign	x **= 2 → x = x ** 2

Example:

let x = 10;
x += 5;  // x = x + 5 -> 15
x *= 2;  // x = x * 2 -> 30
console.log(x);  // Output: 30

---

### 3. **Comparison Operators**
Comparison operators are used to compare values and return a Boolean (true or false) based on the condition.

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to (loose)	5 == '5' → true
===	Equal to (strict)	5 === '5' → false
!=	Not equal to (loose)	5 != '5' → false
!==	Not equal to (strict)	5 !== '5' → true
>	Greater than	5 > 3 → true
<	Less than	5 < 3 → false
>=	Greater than or equal	5 >= 5 → true
<=	Less than or equal	5 <= 3 → false

Example:

console.log(5 == '5');  // Output: true (loose comparison)
console.log(5 === '5'); // Output: false (strict comparison)
console.log(10 > 5);    // Output: true
console.log(3 <= 2);    // Output: false

---

### 4. **Logical Operators**
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations, returning Boolean values.

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	true && false → false
`		`
!	Logical NOT	!true → false

#### Example:

let a = true;
let b = false;
console.log(a && b);  // Output: false
console.log(a || b);  // Output: true
console.log(!a);      // Output: false

---

### 5. **Unary Operators**
Unary operators operate on a single operand to perform a specific action.

Operator	Description	Example
++	Increment	x++ → x = x + 1
--	Decrement	x-- → x = x - 1
typeof	Type of operand	typeof x → number
void	Evaluates expression without returning a value	void(0)

#### Example:

let x = 10;
console.log(++x);  // Output: 11 (Pre-increment)
console.log(x--);  // Output: 11 (Post-decrement)
console.log(typeof x);  // Output: number

---

### 6. **Ternary (Conditional) Operator
**The ternary operator is a shorthand for the if...else statement. It evaluates a condition and returns one of two values based on whether the condition is true or false.

Operator	Description	Example
condition ? expr1 : expr2	If condition is true, return expr1; otherwise, return expr2	x > 10 ? 'Greater' : 'Lesser'

*#### Example:
*

let age = 18;
let result = age >= 18 ? 'Adult' : 'Minor';
console.log(result);  // Output: Adult

---

### 7. **Bitwise Operators
**Bitwise operators perform operations on binary numbers.

Operator	Description	Example
&	AND	5 & 3 → 1
`	`	OR
^	XOR	5 ^ 3 → 6
~	NOT	~5 → -6
<<	Left shift	5 << 1 → 10
>>	Right shift	5 >> 1 → 2
>>>	Unsigned right shift	5 >>> 1 → 2

*#### Example:
*

let a = 5;  // Binary: 101
let b = 3;  // Binary: 011
console.log(a & b);  // Output: 1 (Binary: 001)
console.log(a | b);  // Output: 7 (Binary: 111)
console.log(a << 1); // Output: 10 (Binary: 1010)

---

### 8. **Spread Operator (...)
**The spread operator allows you to unpack elements from an array or object into a new array or object.

*#### Example:
*

let arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
let arr2 = [...arr1, 4, 5];
console.log(arr2);  // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

let obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 };
let obj2 = { ...obj1, c: 3 };
console.log(obj2);  // Output: { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

---

### Conclusion

JavaScript operators are fundamental for performing calculations, comparisons, and logical operations. Whether you're manipulating values, comparing them, or controlling the flow of your program, understanding these operators is crucial for efficient coding. Use the right operators based on your task to ensure clean and readable code.

Hi, I'm Abhay Singh Kathayat!
I am a full-stack developer with expertise in both front-end and back-end technologies. I work with a variety of programming languages and frameworks to build efficient, scalable, and user-friendly applications.
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