Beginner's Guide to Python: A Quick Tutorial - 2

Python is a versatile programming language, and these examples will help you get started with basic concepts step by step. Let's dive into practical coding!

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1. Print Statements

A simple way to display messages or results.

# Print a message
print("Hello, Python World!")

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2. Variables and Data Types

Variables store data, and Python automatically identifies the data type.

# Variables and their types
name = "John"       # String
age = 30            # Integer
height = 5.9        # Float
is_programmer = True  # Boolean

# Print them
print(f"My name is {name}, I'm {age} years old, and my height is {height} meters.")
print(f"Am I a programmer? {is_programmer}")

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3. Taking Input

Use the input() function to accept user input.

# Get input from the user
name = input("What's your name? ")
print(f"Welcome, {name}!")

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4. If-Else Statements

Control the flow of your program based on conditions.

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:
    print("You're eligible to vote!")
else:
    print("You're not eligible to vote yet.")

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5. Loops

Loops help execute a block of code multiple times.

a) For Loop

# Print numbers from 1 to 5
for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

b) While Loop

# Countdown from 5
count = 5
while count > 0:
    print(count)
    count -= 1

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6. Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code.

# Define a function
def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

# Call the function
print(greet("Alice"))

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7. Lists

Lists store multiple items in a single variable.

# Create a list
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

# Access and modify elements
print(fruits[1])  # Output: banana
fruits.append("orange")
print(fruits)     # Output: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']

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8. Dictionaries

Dictionaries store key-value pairs.

# Create a dictionary
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}

# Access and update values
print(person["name"])  # Output: Alice
person["age"] = 26
print(person)

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9. File Handling

Read and write to files.

a) Writing to a File

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, Python!")

b) Reading from a File

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

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10. Simple Calculator

Combine multiple concepts to create a basic calculator.

def calculator():
    num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
    operator = input("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ")
    num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

    if operator == "+":
        result = num1 + num2
    elif operator == "-":
        result = num1 - num2
    elif operator == "*":
        result = num1 * num2
    elif operator == "/":
        if num2 != 0:
            result = num1 / num2
        else:
            result = "Error: Division by zero!"
    else:
        result = "Invalid operator!"

    print(f"The result is: {result}")

calculator()

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11. Handling Errors

Handle unexpected errors gracefully.

try:
    num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    print(100 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You can't divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid input! Please enter a number.")

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12. A Fun Game: Guess the Number

Test your Python skills with a mini-game.

import random

# Generate a random number
secret_number = random.randint(1, 10)

print("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 10. Can you guess it?")
while True:
    guess = int(input("Your guess: "))
    if guess == secret_number:
        print("Congratulations! You guessed it!")
        break
    elif guess < secret_number:
        print("Too low! Try again.")
    else:
        print("Too high! Try again.")

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Next Steps for Beginners

1. Practice: Try creating your own mini-projects like a to-do list or a quiz game.
2. Learn Libraries: Explore NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib for advanced tasks.
3. Join Communities: Engage with Python communities for learning and support.

Happy coding! 🎉