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Daily Coding Puzzles - Oct 29th - Nov 2nd

Ali Spittel on November 02, 2018

Every day on Twitter, I post coding puzzles. These are quick coding challenges that increase in difficulty across the span of the week -- with Mond...

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Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Monday

Count of positives / sum of negatives (8 KYU):

Return an array, where the first element is the count of positives numbers and the second element is sum of negative numbers.

link

Sung M. Kim • Nov 2 '18 • Edited

Solved it awhile ago (forgot about it).

Here is a C# answer.

using System.Linq;
using System;

public class Kata
{
    public static int[] CountPositivesSumNegatives(int[] a)
    {
        // guard clause for edge cases
        if (a == null || a.Length == 0) return new int[0];

        int count = 0;
        int sum = 0;
        // ".ToList()" is required to iterate the sequence
        a.Select(n => n > 0 ? count++ : sum += n).ToList();

        return new[] {count, sum};
    }
}

And just re-solved it using JavaScript

function countPositivesSumNegatives(input) {
    return (input && input.length >= 1) 
      ? input.reduce((acc, n) => {
          n > 0 ? acc[0]++ : acc[1] += n;
          return acc;
        }, [0, 0]) 
    : [];
}

E. Choroba • Dec 1 '18

#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

use List::Util qw{ sum0 };

sub cpsn {
    return unless @_;
    my @neg = grep $_ <= 0, @_;
    return @_ - @neg, sum0(@neg)
}

use Test::More tests => 5;
is_deeply [cpsn()], [];
is_deeply [cpsn(-1)], [0, -1];
is_deeply [cpsn(0, 0)], [0, 0];
is_deeply [cpsn(2)], [1, 0];
is_deeply [cpsn(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, -11, -12, -13, -14, -15)],
          [10, -65];

kaelscion • Nov 3 '18

Python 3 solution update. Posted to the wrong part of the discussion :P


def count_and_sum(arr, x):
    if not arr == None and len(arr) > 0:
        ct = len([i for i in arr if i > x])
        sum_neg = sum([i for i in arr if i <= x])
        return [ct, sum_neg]
    else:
        return([])

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Refactored to the code-golfiest thing ever with help of @joshcheek !

const countPositivesSumNegatives=i=>(i||[]).reduce(([c=0,s=0],v)=>v>0?[++c,s]:[c,s+v],[])

Kasey Speakman • Nov 2 '18 • Edited

let update (count, sum) value =
    if value > 0 then (count + 1), sum
    else              count, (sum + value)

// usage, start with 0 count/sum, update them for each value
let (count, sum) = Array.fold update (0, 0) inputArr

This returns a tuple instead of an array, which I believe is an improvement.

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Tuesday

Ones and Zeros (7 KYU):

Given an array of one's and zero's convert the equivalent binary value to an integer.

link

Ferenc Bodon • Nov 3 '18

Q/kdb+ solution (let l be the input list):

with list multiplication:

sum l * 2 xexp reverse til count l

with adverb over:

{y + 2*x} over l

Kasey Speakman • Nov 2 '18 • Edited

Edit: shortened

let update value (sum, mult) =
    sum + (value * mult), mult * 2

// usage, processes array right to left
let (sum, _) = Array.foldBack update inputArr (0,1)

Sung M. Kim • Nov 2 '18 • Edited

Here is a C# version

Note: Aggregate is equivalent to reduce in JavaScript or other languages
and seed value is the first argument unlike in JavaScript, in which it's the last argument.

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace Solution
{
    class Kata
    {
        public static int binaryArrayToNumber(int[] a)
        {
            return Convert.ToInt32(a.Aggregate("", (acc, n) => acc + n.ToString()), 2);
        }
    }
}

E. Choroba • Dec 1 '18

#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

sub bin2int {
    my ($i, $r);
    $r += 2 ** $i++ * pop while @_;
    return $r
}

use Test::More tests => 9;
is bin2int(0, 0, 0, 1), 1;
is bin2int(0, 0, 1, 0), 2;
is bin2int(0, 1, 0, 1), 5;
is bin2int(1, 0, 0, 1), 9;
is bin2int(0, 0, 1, 0), 2;
is bin2int(0, 1, 1, 0), 6;
is bin2int(1, 1, 1, 1), 15;
is bin2int(1, 0, 1, 1), 11;
is bin2int((1) x 20), 2 ** 20 - 1;

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

My Python solution:

def binary_array_to_number(arr):
    return int(''.join(str(i) for i in arr), 2)

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Wednesday

Write a program to reverse the digits of a positive integer but without converting it to a string.

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

My Python solution:

def reverse_number(num, running_value=0):
    if num == 0: 
        return running_value // 10
    quotient, remainder = divmod(num, 10)
    running_value += remainder
    return reverse_number(quotient, running_value * 10)

print(reverse_number(123456))
print(reverse_number(5))

Sung M. Kim • Nov 2 '18

And now this is... 😮

Kasey Speakman • Nov 3 '18 • Edited

let rec loop rev i =
    if i = 0 then rev
    else loop (rev * 10 + (i % 10)) (i / 10)

// usage, returns 987654321
let reversed = loop 0 123456789

Uses a recursive loop. (F# will TCO to a while loop on compile)
i % 10 gets the right-most digit of i
rev * 10 shifts the numbers left, with right-most zero
i / 10 shifts the numbers right, dropping right-most digit

I happened to remember these little number tricks from a previous challenge. This is basically using integers as digit stacks.

Sung M. Kim • Nov 2 '18 • Edited

Thank you, Ali.
This has been one of the most fun challenges.

Took me awhile but here is the C# version.

The gist is that, remainder is calculated for each digit, stored in a stack (LIFO - last in first out) to reverse the remainder.

Lastly the total is reconstructed from the stack.

Runnable code on .NET Fiddle

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var a = new int[] {123456, 5, 654321, 1234567890};

        foreach (var n in a) {
            Console.WriteLine($"Reversed = {Reverse(n)}");  
        }
    }

    private static int Reverse(int input) {
        var stack = BuildStack(input);
        return ConvertStackToNumber(stack);
    }

    private static Stack<int> BuildStack(int input) {
        var power = 0;
        var stack = new Stack<int>();

        while (true) {
            power++;
            var modBy = (int) Math.Pow(10, power);
            var divisior = (int) Math.Pow(10, power - 1);

            var remainder = (input % modBy) / divisior;
            if (remainder == 0 && power != 1) break;

            stack.Push(remainder);
        }
        return stack;
    }

    private static int ConvertStackToNumber(Stack<int> stack) {
        var total = 0;
        var power = 0;
        while (stack.Count > 0) {
            var current = stack.Pop();
            total += current * (int)Math.Pow(10, power++);
        }
        return total;
    }
}

Ali Spittel • Nov 3 '18

Oh that's a really cool approach!

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Thursday

Calculating with Functions:

This time we want to write calculations using functions and get the results. For example:

seven(times(five())); // must return 35

link

Anna Simoroshka • Nov 2 '18

const make = (f, n) => f ? f(n) : n;
const one = f => make(f, 1);
const two = f => make(f, 2);
const three = f => make(f, 3);
const four = f => make(f, 4);
const five = f => make(f, 5);
const six = f => make(f, 6);
const seven = f => make(f, 7);
const eight = f => make(f, 8);
const nine = f => make(f, 9);
const ten = f => make(f, 10);

const plus = a => b => b + a;
const minus = a => b => b - a;
const times = a => b => b * a;
const dividedBy = a => b => b / a;

thanks, it's fun :)

Sung M. Kim • Nov 2 '18

Ugly but worked :p
JavaScript

function zero() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](0) : 0; }
function one() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](1) : 1; }
function two() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](2) : 2; }
function three() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](3) : 3; }
function four() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](4) : 4; }
function five() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](5) : 5; }
function six() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](6) : 6; }
function seven() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](7) : 7; }
function eight() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](8) : 8; }
function nine() { return arguments.length === 1 ? arguments[0](9) : 9; }

function plus() {var val = arguments[0]; return function(left) { return left + val; }}
function minus() {var val = arguments[0]; return function(left) { return left - val; }}
function times() {var val = arguments[0]; return function(left) { return left * val; }}
function dividedBy() {var val = arguments[0]; return function(left) { return left / val; }}

E. Choroba • Dec 1 '18

#! /usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

sub one   { _num(@_, 1) }
sub two   { _num(@_, 2) }
sub three { _num(@_, 3) }
sub four  { _num(@_, 4) }
sub five  { _num(@_, 5) }
sub six   { _num(@_, 6) }
sub seven { _num(@_, 7) }
sub eight { _num(@_, 8) }
sub nine  { _num(@_, 9) }
sub zero  { _num(@_, 0) }

sub _num { ref $_[0] ? $_[0]->($_[1]) : $_[0] }

sub plus       { my $x = shift; sub {     shift() + $x } }
sub minus      { my $x = shift; sub {     shift() - $x } }
sub Times      { my $x = shift; sub {     shift() * $x } }
sub divided_by { my $x = shift; sub { int(shift() / $x) } }

use Test::More tests => 4;

is four(plus(nine())), 13;
is eight(minus(three())), 5;
is seven(Times(five())), 35;
is six(divided_by(two())), 3;

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Python solution:

def perform_operation(operations, number):
    if not operations: return number
    if operations["sign"] == "*":
        return operations["value"] * number
    if operations["sign"] == "+":
        return operations["value"] + number
    if operations["sign"] == "-":
        return number - operations["value"] 
    if operations["sign"] == "/":
        return  number // operations["value"]

zero = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 0)
one = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 1)
two = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 2)
three = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 3)
four = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 4)
five = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 5)
six = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 6)
seven = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 7)
eight = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 8)
nine = lambda operations=None : perform_operation(operations, 9)

get_operation = lambda operation, num : {"sign": operation, "value": num}
plus = lambda num : get_operation("+", num)
minus = lambda num : get_operation("-", num)
times = lambda num : get_operation("*", num)
divided_by = lambda num : get_operation("/", num)

Though I prefer this one from the CodeWars solutions!

def zero(f = None): return 0 if not f else f(0)
def one(f = None): return 1 if not f else f(1)
def two(f = None): return 2 if not f else f(2)
def three(f = None): return 3 if not f else f(3)
def four(f = None): return 4 if not f else f(4)
def five(f = None): return 5 if not f else f(5)
def six(f = None): return 6 if not f else f(6)
def seven(f = None): return 7 if not f else f(7)
def eight(f = None): return 8 if not f else f(8)
def nine(f = None): return 9 if not f else f(9)

def plus(y): return lambda x: x+y
def minus(y): return lambda x: x-y
def times(y): return lambda  x: x*y
def divided_by(y): return lambda  x: x/y

Courtney • May 2 '19

Apparently I've done this kata before...but I don't know if that even helped me this time. It's so hard to wrap my brain around.

function zero() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](0) : 0;
}
function one() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](1) : 1;
}
function two() {
return arguments.length ? arguments[0](2) : 2;
}
function three() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](3) : 3;
}
function four() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](4) : 4;
}
function five() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](5) : 5;
}
function six() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](6) : 6;
}
function seven() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](7) : 7;
}
function eight() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](8) : 8;
}
function nine() {
  return arguments.length ? arguments[0](9) : 9;
}

function plus(b) {
  return function(a) { return Math.floor(a + b) }
}
function minus(b) {
  return function(a) { return Math.floor(a - b) }
}
function times(b) {
  return function(a) { return Math.floor(a * b) }
}
function dividedBy(b) {
  return function(a) { return Math.floor(a / b) }
}

Sung M. Kim • Nov 3 '18

Thanks for the suggestion there, @asparallel.

Here is the updated C# code (with the same logic as JavaScript one) using .Aggregate.

using System.Linq;
using System;

public class Kata
{
    public static int[] CountPositivesSumNegatives(int[] a)
    {
        return (a == null || a.Length == 0) 
          ? new int[0]
          : a.Aggregate(new [] {0, 0}, (acc, n) => {
              if (n > 0) acc[0]++;
              else acc[1] += n;
              return acc;
            });
    }
}

Josh Cheek • Nov 3 '18 • Edited

Oh holy shit! I was looking at it for several minutes and it started making sense! Maybe because I thought through problem with @aspittel , or maybe this APL is more sensible (the last one I saw, someone had spilled a bag of unicode across its source).

I'm using Ruby's comment syntax because IDK how to do it in APL

# Haskell uses arrows for assignment in `do` blocks.
# Whitespace delimited numbers are a thing in lisp.
# The high bar looks a lot like a minus sign, so:

A←                 # set into the variable A
A←1 2 3 ¯4 ¯5 ¯6   # the list of numbers: [1, 2, 3, -4, -5, -6]


# Haskell iplements + as a function that you can pass around
# The slash looks like and is used like a shell pipeline.
# Tilde is logical negation in many syntaxes.
# `A` in `A<0` is like SQL, which uses the
# table name to refer to that table's current row.

X←             # set into the variable X
X←+/           # the sum of
X←+/(~         # the numbers which aren't
X←+/(~A<0)/    # negative
X←+/(~A<0)/A   # from the list A

Y←            # set into the variable Y
Y←+/          # the sum of
Y←+/(~        # the variables that aren't
Y←+/(~A>0)/   # positive
Y←+/(~A>0)/A  # from the list A

O←X Y    # set X and Y as the output

David Wickes • Nov 2 '18

I will one day be able to look at APL without my brain leaking out of my ears.

Today is not that day.

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Friday

Bathroom Stalls (Code Jam):

A certain bathroom has N + 2 stalls in a single row; the stalls on the left and right ends are permanently occupied by the bathroom guards. The other N stalls are for users.

link

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

Python solution!

from math import floor, ceil

def clean_input_file(file_name):
    inp = open(file_name)
    inp = inp.read()
    inp = inp.split('\n')
    cases = int(inp[0])
    inp.pop(0)
    inp.pop()
    return inp, cases


def find_min_stall(stalls, people):
    nth_powers = []
    n = 0
    while sum(nth_powers) < people:
        nth_powers.append(2**n)
        n+=1

    sum_powers = sum(nth_powers)
    remaining_n = stalls - sum_powers
    key_power = nth_powers[-1]

    remaining_people = people - key_power
    rem = remaining_n % key_power
    div = (stalls / key_power) - 1

    product = div * rem
    remainder = remaining_n - product
    people_needed = key_power - rem

    if remaining_people > rem:
        sol = float(remainder / people_needed)
    else:
        sol = float(div)

    _max = int(ceil(sol/2))
    _min = int(floor(sol/2))
    return '{} {}'.format(_max, _min)


input_file, cases = clean_input_file('C-large-practice.in')

write_file = open('solution.txt', 'w+')
for idx, n in enumerate(input_file):
    n = n.split(' ')
    write_file.write("Case #{}: {}\n".format(idx + 1, find_min_stall(int(n[0]), int(n[1]))))

Rodrigo Toste Gomes • Nov 3 '18

So I was curious since this solution didn't seem correct, and tried to run this through the codejam grader, and it seems like it isn't correct.

I had some fun with this problem, though (it entertained some part of a plane ride), and came up with a nice concise solution:

#!/usr/bin/python
from collections import defaultdict


def left_range(x):
    return x//2 - (1 if x%2 == 0 else 0)


def right_range(x):
    return x//2


def best_toilet(n, k):
    assert n >= 1
    assert 1 <= k <= n

    k -= 1
    ranges = defaultdict(lambda: 0)
    ranges[n] = 1
    while True:
        r = max(ranges.keys())
        quant = ranges[r]
        if k >= quant:
            k -= quant
            del ranges[r]
            ranges[left_range(r)] += quant
            ranges[right_range(r)] += quant
        else:
            break

    m = max(ranges.keys())
    return (left_range(m), right_range(m))


def main():
    t = int(input().strip())
    for i in range(t):
        n, k = (int(val) for val in input().strip().split(' '))
        min_dist, max_dist = best_toilet(n, k)
        print("Case #%d: %d %d" % (i+1, max_dist, min_dist))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

A few insights here:

When picking a stall, instead of considering two pieces, Rs, Ls, of state, all you need to know is the size of groups of free stalls. You always pick the middle stall of the largest group of sequential free stalls (in case of ties, you pick the leftmost group, in case the size is even, you pick the half-left stall).
Order doesn't matter - the problem doesn't ask for which stall the Kth person is going to pick, it asks indirectly for the size of the group (given the size of the group you can easily compute max(Ls, Rs) and min(Ls, Rs).
You can group stall groups by size - so this is a little trickier, but you can consider the choices of stalls as a binary tree (the solution above seemed to be going in that direction). Each choice corresponds to a group of stalls. At each level of the binary tree, you'll have a lot of repeated group sizes. In particular, each level of the binary tree has at most 2 different group sizes (I'll leave this as an exercise for you to prove). So, instead of splitting each group one at a time, since order doesn't matter, we can split all groups of the same time in one step, and just add groups for the next level.

At the end you get a nice concise O(log(K)) runtime and O(1) space solution.

Here's an example of how this works by manually solving N=1000 and K=100:

You start with a group of size 1000 for free stalls, so your group size -> number of groups maps looks like this:

Step 1:
1000 -> 1
k = 100

You split 1000 into two groups, one of 499, and one of size 500, and this represents the choice of 1 person, since there is 1 group of size 1000. So now our state looks like:

Step 2:
500 -> 1
499 -> 1
k = 99

Now you split 500 into 249 and 250:

Step 3:
499 -> 1
249 -> 1
250 -> 1
k = 98

Now I'll just draw the next steps, without explaining:

Step 4: 250 -> 1, 249 -> 3, k = 97
Step 5: 249 -> 3, 125 -> 1, 124 -> 1, k = 96
Step 6: 125 -> 1, 124 -> 7, k = 93
Step 7: 124 -> 7, 62 -> 2, k = 91
Step 8: 62 -> 9, 61 -> 7, k = 84
Step 9: 61 -> 7, 31 -> 9, 30 -> 9, k = 75
Step 10: 31 -> 9, 30 -> 23, k = 68
Step 11: 30 -> 23, 15 -> 18, k = 59
Step 12: 15 -> 41, 14 -> 23, k = 36

Now things get special, because there are 41 groups of 15 free stalls, but only 36 people left to choose a stall. Therefore, the last person will choose the middle stall of a group of 15 free stalls, and thus Ls = 7 and Rs = 7!

Ali Spittel • Nov 3 '18

Ah -- I must have introduced an issue while refactoring -- it passed the tests during the competition. But then I refactored, should have checked again!

Ali Spittel • Nov 2 '18

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