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Iterating Array
For Loop
The for loop is one of the most basic loops for looping through an array. It takes a starting index and then loops through to the ending index. Index must be an integer.
Example:
const array = [1,2,3];
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
console.log(i);
}
The loop above should log all the numbers in the array.
Indexes do not have to be consecutive:
const array = [1,2,3];
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i+=2){
console.log(i);
}
The loop above will skip every second number.
While Loop
while loop will loop whenever a condition stays true.
For example, the loop below will run if the index number i is less than three:
const array = [1,2,3];
let i = 0;
while(i < array.length){
console.log(i);
}
If the condition in the parentheses is never true, then the loop content will never run.
Do While Loop
do...while loop will always execute the first iteration.
const array = [1,2,3];
let i = 0;
do{
console.log(i);
}
while(i < array.length)
In the example above, it will at least log 0, but it will also log 1 and 2 in this case since those two numbers are less than three.
With the above loops, you can call break to stop the loop or return before the loop is completely finished.
//do while loop
const array = [1,2,3];
let i = 0;
do{
console.log(i); if (i == 1}{ break; }}
while(i < array.length)
//while loop
i = 0;
while(i < array.length){
if (i == 1){ break; }
console.log(i);
}
//for loop
for (let j = 0; j < array.length; j++){
if (j == 1){
break;
}
console.log(j);
}
In the above examples, you will not see two logged.
An example of returning from within the loop:
const loop = ()=>{
const array = [1,2,3];
for (let j = 0; j < array.length; j++){
if (j == 1){
return j;
}
console.log(j);
}
}
loop() //returns 1
You can also skip iterations with continue statement:
const array = [1,2,3];
for (let j = 0; j < array.length; j++){
if (j == 1){
continue;
}
console.log(j) // 1 will be skipped;
}
Array.forEach
forEach will iterate through every entry of the array. You cannot break out of it or return a value from it. It takes a callback function where you can execute code.
Example:
const array = [1,2,3];
array.forEach(a =>{ console.log(a);
})
In the above example, all the numbers in the array will be logged.
Find Element in Array
Array.find
Array.find will return the element in the array with the given condition. For example, if you want to get certain numbers from the array, you do:
const array = [1,2,3];
const num = array.find(a => a == 2); // returns 2
find returns a single result.
Array.findIndex
Array.findIndex will return the index of the element in the array with the given condition. It takes a callback function that returns a given condition. For example, if you want to get the index of a certain numbers from the array, you do:
const array = [1,2,3];
const num = array.findIndex(a => a == 2); // returns 1
Array.filter
Array.filter will return an array of items that meet the given condition. It takes a callback function that returns a given condition. filter returns a new array.
For example, if you want to get the index of a certain numbers from the array, you do:
const array = [1,2,3];
const numArray = array.filter(a => a == 2); // returns [2]
Check if Element Exists in Array
Array.includes
Array.includes checks if an item exists in an array. It takes a number or string which the function can compare.
const array = [1,2,3];
const includesTwo = array.includes(2); // returns true
Array.some
Array.somechecks if some items meet the condition given. It takes a callback function which returns a boolean for the condition.
const array = [1,2,3];
const includesTwo = array.some(a => a == 2); // returns true
const includesFive = array.some(a => a == 5); // returns false
Array.every
Array.every checks if every item meet the condition given. It takes a callback function which returns a boolean for the condition.
const array = [1,2,3];
const everyElementIsTwo = array.every(a => a == 2); // returns false
const everyElementIsNumber = array.every(a => typeof a == 'number'); // returns true since every item in the array is a number
Check If an Object Is an Array
Array.isArray
Array.isArray checks if an object given is an array. It is a convenient way to check if an element is an array.
const array = [1,2,3];
const notArray = {};
let objIsArray = Array.isArray(array); // true
objIsArray = Array.isArray(notArray); // false
Remove Duplicates in Array
Array.from(new Set(array))
Set is a object that cannot have duplicate entries. You can create a new Setfrom an array then convert it back to an array.
const array = [1,2,2,3];
const arrayWithDups = Array.from(new Set(array)); //returns new array without duplicates, [1,2,3]
Array.slice(startIndex, endIndex)
Returns a new array from startIndex to endIndex — 1 .
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
const newArr = arr.slice(0,2);
console.log(newArr); // returns [1,2]
Array.splice(index, numberOfItems)
Remove array item in place with the given index, and then numberOfItems after it.
For example:
const arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
arr.splice(0,2);
console.log(arr); // returns [3, 4, 5] since we specified that we remove item located at index 0 and 2 items after that.
Array.sort(sortFunction)
Array.sort sorts array in place according to the condition you return insortFunction .
The sortFunction should be in this format:
const sortFunction = (a, b) {
if (a < b) {
return -1;
}
if (a > b) {
return 1;
}
// a must be equal to b
return 0;
}
By default, if no sortFunction is specified, then the array items will be converted to string and will be sorted according to the Unicode value of the string.
Array.fill(newElement, startIndex, endIndex)
Array.fill will add or replace the element with the element specified from startIndex to endIndex . If no startIndex is defined then it will start from 0. If no endIndex is defined, then it will change values up to the end of the array.
For example:
let array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];console.log(array.fill(0, 2, 4));
// array is now [1, 2, 0, 0, 0]console.log(array.fill(5, 1));
// array is now [1, 5, 5, 5, 5]console.log(array.fill(6));
// array is now [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]
Recursively Flatten Array
Array.flat function does not do a good job of recursively flatten arrays. The depth is limited and it does not flatten all kinds of nested array structures. The better way to do it is to write a recursive function to do it.
let arr1 = [1, 2, [3, 4], 5];
let arr2 = [1, 2, [3, 4], [5, [6,[7,]]]];
const flatten = (items) => {
const flat = [];
items.forEach(item => {
if (Array.isArray(item)) {
flat.push(...flatten(item));
} else {
flat.push(item);
}
});
return flat;
}
console.log(flatten(arr1));
console.log(flatten(arr2));
Array.join(separator)
Array.join will return a string by concatenating the entries after they are converted to string with separator between each entry. Works best with string and number arrays.
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3];
console.log(arr.join(',')) // get '1,2,3'
const arr = ['1',2,3];
console.log(arr.join(',')) // get '1,2,3'
Array.indexOf(elementToFind)
Array.indexOfwill return the first index of the elementToFind in the array. Works best with string and number arrays. If you want to find a non-string or number object, use Array.findIndex . Returns -1 is element is not found.
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3];
console.log(arr.indexOf(1)); // returns 0const arr2 = [1,1,2,3];
console.log(arr2.indexOf(1)) // still 0
Array.lastIndexOf()
Array.lastIndexOfwill return the last index of the elementToFind in the array. Works best with string and number arrays. Returns -1 is element is not found. The function also takes a starting index to start searching backwards as a second parameter
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3];
console.log(arr.indexOf(1)); // returns 0const arr2 = [1,1,2,3];
console.log(arr2.indexOf(1)) // returns 1const arr3 = [3,1,2,3]
console.log(arr3.lastIndexOf(3, 2)) // returns 0, start searching backwards from index 2
Array.push(newElement)
Array.push adds a new element to an array.
Example:
let arr = [1,2,3];
arr.push(4);
console.log(arr) // [1,2,3,4]
Array.pop()
Array.pop removes the last element of the array.
Example:
let arr = [1,2,3,4];
arr.pop();
console.log(arr) // [1,2,3]
Array.map(mapFunction)
Array.map returns a new array which transforms the existing array’s element by calling the mapFunction . mapFunction takes one argument, which is the array element.
Example:
let arr = [1,2,3,4];
const newArr = arr.map(a=>a*2)
console.log(newArr) // [2,4,6,8]
Array.reduce(reduceFunction)
Array.reduce combines elements of an array to return a value by calling the reduceFunction on all the elements to combine them. reduceFunction takes 2 arguments, which is the current and next element in the array.
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3,4];
const sum = arr.reduce((a,b)=>a+b);
console.log(sum); // returns 10
Array.reverse()
Array.reverse returns a new array with the existing array’s elements in reverse order.
Example:
const arr = [1,2,3,4];
console.log(arr.reverse()) // [4,3,2,1]
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